Tractatenblad 2015, 14

38 (1951) Nr. 10

A. TITEL

Verdrag betreffende de status van vluchtelingen;

(met bijlagen)

Genève, 28 juli 1951

B. TEKST

De Engelse en de Franse tekst van het Verdrag, met bijlagen, zijn geplaatst in Trb. 1951, 131.

C. VERTALING

Zie Trb. 1954, 88, Trb. 1957, 21 en Trb. 1966, 197.

D. PARLEMENT

Zie Trb. 1957, 21 en Trb. 1971, 48.

E. PARTIJGEGEVENS¹⁾

Zie Trb. 1954, 88.

Partij	Ondertekening	Ratificatie	Type^*	In werking	Opzegging	Buiten werking
Afghanistan		30-08-05	T	28-11-05
Albanië		18-08-92	T	16-11-92
Algerije		21-02-63	VG	03-07-62
Angola		23-06-81	T	21-09-81
Antigua en Barbuda		07-09-95	T	06-12-95
Argentinië		15-11-61	T	13-02-62
Armenië		06-07-93	T	04-10-93
Australië		22-01-54	T	22-04-54
Azerbeidzjan		12-02-93	T	13-05-93
Bahama’s		15-09-93	T	14-12-93
Belarus		23-08-01	T	21-11-01
België	28-07-51	22-07-53	R	22-04-54
Belize		27-06-90	T	25-09-90
Benin		04-04-62	VG	01-08-60
Bolivia		09-02-82	T	10-05-82
Bosnië en Herzegovina		01-09-93	VG	06-03-92
Botswana		06-01-69	T	06-04-69
Brazilië	15-07-52	16-11-60	R	14-02-61
Bulgarije		12-05-93	T	10-08-93
Burkina Faso		18-06-80	T	16-09-80
Burundi		19-07-63	T	17-10-63
Cambodja		15-10-92	T	13-01-93
Canada		04-06-69	T	02-09-69
Centraal-Afrikaanse Republiek		04-09-62	VG	13-08-60
Chili		28-01-72	T	27-04-72
China		24-09-82	T	23-12-82
Colombia	28-07-51	10-10-61	R	08-01-62
Congo, Democratische Republiek		19-07-65	T	17-10-65
Congo, Republiek		15-10-62	VG	15-08-60
Costa Rica		28-03-78	T	26-06-78
Cyprus		16-05-63	VG	16-08-60
Denemarken	28-07-51	04-12-52	R	22-04-54
Djibouti		09-08-77	VG	27-06-77
Dominica		17-02-94	T	18-05-94
Dominicaanse Republiek		04-01-78	T	04-04-78
Duitsland	19-11-51	01-12-53	R	22-04-54
Ecuador		17-08-55	T	15-11-55
Egypte		22-05-81	T	20-08-81
El Salvador		28-04-83	T	27-07-83
Equatoriaal-Guinea		07-02-86	T	08-05-86
Estland		10-04-97	T	09-07-97
Ethiopië		10-11-69	T	08-02-70
Fiji		12-06-72	VG	10-10-70
Filipijnen		22-07-81	T	20-10-81
Finland		10-10-68	T	08-01-69
Frankrijk	11-09-52	23-06-54	R	21-09-54
Gabon		27-04-64	T	26-07-64
Gambia		07-09-66	VG	18-02-65
Georgië		09-08-99	T	07-11-99
Ghana		18-03-63	T	16-06-63
Griekenland	10-04-52	05-04-60	R	04-07-60
Guatemala		22-09-83	T	21-12-83
Guinee		28-12-65	VG	02-10-58
Guinee-Bissau		11-02-76	T	11-05-76
Haïti		25-09-84	T	24-12-84
Heilige Stoel	21-05-52	15-03-56	R	13-06-56
Honduras		23-03-92	T	21-06-92
Hongarije		14-03-89	T	12-06-89
Ierland		29-11-56	T	27-02-57
IJsland		30-11-55	T	28-02-56
Iran		28-07-76	T	26-10-76
Israël	01-08-51	01-10-54	R	30-12-54
Italië	23-07-52	15-11-54	R	13-02-55
Ivoorkust		08-12-61	VG	07-08-60
Jamaica		30-07-64	VG	06-08-62
Japan		03-10-81	T	01-01-82
Jemen		18-01-80	T	17-04-80
Joegoslavië (< 25-06-1991)	28-07-51	15-12-59	R	14-03-60
Kameroen		23-10-61	VG	01-01-60
Kazachstan		15-01-99	T	15-04-99
Kenia		16-05-66	T	14-08-66
Kirgistan		08-10-96	T	06-01-97
Kroatië		12-10-92	VG	08-10-91
Lesotho		14-05-81	T	12-08-81
Letland		31-07-97	T	29-10-97
Liberia		15-10-64	T	13-01-65
Liechtenstein	28-07-51	08-03-57	R	06-06-57
Litouwen		28-04-97	T	27-07-97
Luxemburg	28-07-51	23-07-53	R	22-04-54
Macedonië, de voormalige Joegoslavische Republiek		18-01-94	VG	17-11-91
Madagaskar		18-12-67	T	17-03-68
Malawi		10-12-87	T	09-03-88
Mali		02-02-73	VG	22-09-60
Malta		17-06-71	T	15-09-71
Marokko		07-11-56	VG	02-03-56
Mauritanië		05-05-87	T	03-08-87
Mexico		07-06-00	T	05-09-00
Moldavië		31-01-02	T	01-05-02
Monaco		18-05-54	T	16-08-54
Montenegro		10-10-06	VG	03-06-06
Mozambique		16-12-83	T	15-03-84
Namibië		17-02-95	T	18-05-95
Nauru		28-06-11	T	26-09-11
Nederlanden, het Koninkrijk der	28-07-51
– Nederland:
– in Europa		03-05-56	R	01-08-56
– Bonaire		–		–
– Sint Eustatius		–		–
– Saba		–		–
– Aruba		–		–
– Curaçao		–		–
– Sint Maarten		–		–
Nicaragua		28-03-80	T	26-06-80
Nieuw-Zeeland		30-06-60	T	28-09-60
Niger		25-08-61	VG	03-08-60
Nigeria		23-10-67	T	21-01-68
Noorwegen	28-07-51	23-03-53	R	22-04-54
Oekraïne		10-06-02	T	08-09-02
Oost-Timor		07-05-03	T	05-08-03
Oostenrijk	28-07-51	01-11-54	R	30-01-55
Panama		02-08-78	T	31-10-78
Papua-Nieuw-Guinea		17-07-86	T	15-10-86
Paraguay		01-04-70	T	30-06-70
Peru		21-12-64	T	21-03-65
Polen		27-09-91	T	26-12-91
Portugal		22-12-60	T	22-03-61
Roemenië		07-08-91	T	05-11-91
Russische Federatie		02-02-93	T	03-05-93
Rwanda		03-01-80	T	02-04-80
Saint Kitts en Nevis		01-02-02	T	02-05-02
Saint Vincent en de Grenadines		03-11-93	T	01-02-94
Salomonseilanden		28-02-95	T	29-05-95
Samoa		21-09-88	T	20-12-88
Sao Tomé en Principe		01-02-78	T	02-05-78
Senegal		02-05-63	VG	20-08-60
Servië		12-03-01	VG	27-04-92
Seychellen		23-04-80	T	22-07-80
Sierra Leone		22-05-81	T	20-08-81
Slovenië		06-07-92	VG	25-06-91
Slowakije		04-02-93	VG	01-01-93
Somalië		10-10-78	T	08-01-79
Spanje		14-08-78	T	12-11-78
Sudan		22-02-74	T	23-05-74
Suriname		29-11-78	VG	25-11-75
Swaziland		14-02-00	T	14-05-00
Tadzjikistan		07-12-93	T	07-03-94
Tanzania		12-05-64	T	10-08-64
Togo		27-02-62	VG	27-04-60
Trinidad en Tobago		10-11-00	T	08-02-01
Tsjaad		19-08-81	T	17-11-81
Tsjechië		11-05-93	VG	01-01-93
Tsjechoslowakije (<01-01-1993)		26-11-91	T	24-02-92
Tunesië		24-10-57	VG	20-03-56
Turkije	24-08-51	30-03-62	R	28-06-62
Turkmenistan		02-03-98	T	31-05-98
Tuvalu		07-03-86	VG	01-10-78
Uganda		27-09-76	T	26-12-76
Uruguay		22-09-70	T	21-12-70
Verenigd Koninkrijk	28-07-51	11-03-54	R	09-06-54
Zambia		24-09-69	VG	24-10-64
Zimbabwe		25-08-81	T	23-11-81
Zuid-Afrika		12-01-96	T	11-04-96
Zuid-Korea		03-12-92	T	03-03-93
Zweden	28-07-51	26-10-54	R	24-01-55
Zwitserland	28-07-51	21-01-55	R	21-04-55
^* O=Ondertekening zonder voorbehoud of vereiste van ratificatie, R=Bekrachtiging, aanvaarding, goedkeuring of kennisgeving, T=Toetreding, VG=Voortgezette gebondenheid, NB=Niet bekend

Uitbreidingen

Australië

Uitgebreid tot	In werking	Buiten werking
Nauru (< 31-01-1968)	22-04-1954	31-01-1968
Nieuw Guinea (< 16-09-1975)	22-04-1954	16-09-1975
Norfolk	22-04-1954
Papua (< 16-09-1975)	22-04-1954	16-09-1975

China

Uitgebreid tot	In werking	Buiten werking
Macau SAR	20-12-1999

Denemarken

Uitgebreid tot	In werking	Buiten werking
Faeröer	20-10-2003
Groenland	22-04-1954

Portugal

Uitgebreid tot	In werking	Buiten werking
Macau (<20-12-1999)	26-07-1999	20-12-1999

Verenigd Koninkrijk

Uitgebreid tot	In werking	Buiten werking
Bahama’s (< 10-07-1973)	19-07-1970	10-07-1973
Belize (< 21-09-1981)	17-09-1957	21-09-1981
Botswana (< 30-09-1966)	09-02-1961	30-09-1966
Brits Somaliland (< 26-06-1960)	23-01-1957	26-06-1960
Cyprus (< 16-08-1960)	23-01-1957	16-08-1960
Dominica (< 03-11-1978)	23-01-1957	03-11-1978
Falklandeilanden	23-01-1957
Fiji-eilanden (< 10-10-1970)	23-01-1957	10-10-1970
Gambia (< 18-02-1965)	23-01-1957	18-02-1965
Grenada (< 07-02-1974)	23-01-1957	07-02-1974
Guernsey	09-06-1954
Jamaica (< 06-08-1962)	23-01-1957	06-08-1962
Jersey	09-06-1954
Kenia (< 12-12-1963)	23-01-1957	12-12-1963
Kiribati (< 12-07-1979)	23-01-1957	12-07-1979
Lesotho (< 04-10-1966)	09-02-1961	04-10-1966
Malawi (< 01-01-1964)	09-10-1960	01-01-1964
Man	09-06-1954
Mauritius (< 12-03-1968)	23-01-1957	12-03-1968
Montserrat	03-12-1968
Saint Lucia (< 22-02-1979)	03-12-1968	22-02-1979
Saint Vincent en de Grenadines (<27-10-1979)	23-01-1957	27-10-1979
Salomonseilanden (< 07-07-1978)	23-01-1957	07-07-1978
Seychelles (< 29-06-1976)	23-01-1957	29-06-1976
Sint-Helena, Ascension en Tristan da Cunha	23-01-1957
Swaziland (< 06-09-1968)	09-02-1961	06-09-1968
Tuvalu (< 01-10-1978)	23-01-1957	01-10-1978
Zanzibar (< 26-04-1964)	23-01-1957	26-04-1964
Zimbabwe (< 18-04-1980)	09-10-1960	18-04-1980

Verklaringen, voorbehouden en bezwaren

Afghanistan, 30 augustus 2005

[…] the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan which considers itself bound by alternative (b) of Article 1B (1) thereof, that is to say events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951.

Albanië, 18 augustus 1992

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Algerije, 21 februari 1963

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Angola, 23 juni 1981

Ad article 17: The Government of the People’s Republic of Angola accepts the obligations set forth in article 17, provided that:

• (a) Paragraph 1 of this article shall not be interpreted to mean that refugees must enjoy the same privileges as may be accorded to nationals of countries with which the People’s Republic of Angola has signed special co-operation agreements;

• (b) Paragraph 2 of this article shall be construed as a recommendation and not as an obligation.

Ad article 26: The Government of the People’s Republic of Angola reserves the right to prescribe, transfer or circumscribe the place of residence of certain refugees or groups of refugees, and to restrict their freedom of movement, whenever considerations of national or international order make it advisable to do so.

The Government of the People’s Republic of Angola also declares that the provisions of the Convention shall be applicable in Angola provided that they are not contrary to or incompatible with the constitutional and legal provisions in force in the People’s Republic of Angola, especially as regards articles 7, 13, 15, 18 and 24 of the Convention. Those provisions shall not be construed so as to accord to any category of aliens resident in Angola more extensive rights than are enjoyed by Angolan citizens.

The Government of the People's Republic of Angola also considers that the provisions of articles 8 and 9 of the Convention cannot be construed so as to limit its right to adopt in respect of a refugee or group of refugees such measures as it deems necessary to safeguard national interests and to ensure respect for its sovereignty, whenever circumstances so require.

Antigua en Barbuda, 7 september 1995

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Argentinië, 5 november 1984

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Armenië, 6 juli 1993

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Australië, 1 december 1967

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Azerbeidzjan, 12 februari 1993

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Bahama’s, 15 september 1993

Refugees and their dependants would normally be subjected to the same laws and regulations relating generally to the employment of non-Bahamians within the Commonwealth of the Bahamas, so long as they have not acquired status in the Commonwealth of the Bahamas.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Belarus, 23 augustus 2001

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

België, 22 juli 1953

• 1. In all cases where the Convention grants to refugees the most favourable treatment accorded to nationals of a foreign country, this provision shall not be interpreted by the Belgian Government as necessarily involving the régime accorded to nationals of countries with which Belgium has concluded regional customs, economic or political agreements.

• 2. Article 15 of the Convention shall not be applicable in Belgium; refugees lawfully staying in Belgian territory will enjoy the same treatment, as regards the right of association, as that accorded to aliens in general.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Belize, 27 juni 1990

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Benin, 6 juli 1970

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Bolivia, 9 februari 1982

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Bosnië en Herzegovina, 1 september 1993

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Botswana, 6 januari 1969

Subject to the reservation of articles 7, 17, 26, 31, 32 and 34 and paragraph 1 of article 12 of the Convention.

Botswana, 21 januari 1983

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Brazilië, 7 april 1972

Refugees will be granted the same treatment accorded to nationals of foreign countries in general, with the exception of the preferential treatment extended to nationals of Portugal through the Friendship and Consultation Treaty of 1953 and Article 1999 of the Brazilian Constitutional Amendment No. 1, of 1969.

Brazilië, 14 februari 1990

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Bulgarije, 12 mei 1993

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Burkina Faso, 18 juni 1980

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Burundi, 19 juli 1963

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Canada, 4 juni 1969

[…]

Canada interprets the phrase “lawfully staying” as referring only to refugees admitted for permanent residence: refugees admitted for temporary residence will be accorded the same treatment with respect to the matters dealt with in articles 23 and 24 as is accorded visitors generally.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Centraal-Afrikaanse Republiek, 15 oktober 1962

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Chili, 28 januari 1972

• (1) With the reservation that, with reference to the provisions of article 34, the Government of Chile will be unable to grant to refugees facilities greater that those granted to aliens in general, in view of the liberal nature of Chilean naturalization laws;

• (2) With the reservation that the period specified in article 17, paragraph 2 (a) shall, in the case of Chile, be extended from three to ten years;

• (3) With the reservation that article 17, paragraph 2 (c) shall apply only if the refugee is the widow or the widower of a Chilean spouse;

• (4) With the reservation that the Government of Chile cannot grant a longer period for compliance with an expulsion order than that granted to other aliens in general under Chilean law.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”

China, 24 september 1982

[…] reservations on the following articles:

• (1). The latter half of article 14, which reads

  “In the territory of any other Contracting State, he shall be accorded the same protection as is accorded in that territory to nationals of the country in which he has his habitual residence.”

• (2). Article 16 (3).

China, 20 december 1999

The reservation made by China will also apply to the Macao Special Administrative Region.

Colombia, 10 oktober 1961

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Congo, Democratische Republiek, 19 juli 1965

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Congo, Republiek, 15 oktober 1962

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (a) “Events occurring in Europe before 1 January 1951”.

Costa Rica, 28 maart 1978

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Cyprus, 16 mei 1963

With confirmation of the reservations made by the Government of the United Kingdom upon application of the Convention to the territory of Cyprus.

• (i) The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland understand articles 8 and 9 as not preventing them from taking in time of war or other grave and exceptional circumstances measures in the interests of national security in the case of a refugee on the ground of his nationality. The provisions of article 8 shall not prevent the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from exercising any rights over property or interests which they may acquire or have acquired as an Allied or Associated power under a Treaty of Peace or other agreement or arrangement for the restoration of peace which has been or may be completed as a result of the Second World War. Furthermore, the provisions of article 8 shall not affect the treatment to be accorded to any property or interests which at the date of entry into force of this Convention for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland are under the control of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland by reason of a state of war which exists or existed between them and any other State.

• (ii) The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland accept paragraph 2 of article 17 with the substitution of “four years” for “three years” in sub-paragraph (a) and with the omission of sub-paragraph (c).

• (iii) The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, in respect of such of the matters referred to in sub-paragraph (b) of paragraph 1 of article 24 as fall within the scope of the National Health Service, can only undertake to apply the provisions of that paragraph so far as the law allows; and it can only undertake to apply the provisions of paragraph 2 of that Article so far as the law allows.

• (iv) The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland cannot undertake to give effect to the obligations contained in paragraphs 1 and 2 of article 25 and can only undertake to apply the provisions of paragraph 3 so far as the law allows.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Denemarken, 4 december 1952

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Greenland [is] subject to the reservations made on ratification by the government of Denmark.

Denemarken, 25 maart 1968

The obligation in article 17, paragraph 1, to accord to refugees lawfully staying in Denmark the most favourable treatment accorded to nationals of a foreign country as regards the right to engage in wage-earning employment shall not be construed to mean that refugees shall be entitled to the privileges which in this respect are accorded to nationals of Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.

Djibouti, 9 augustus 1977

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Dominica, 17 februari 1994

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Dominicaanse Republiek, 4 januari 1978

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Duitsland, 4 september 1990

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Ecuador, 17 augustus 1955

With respect to article 1, relating to the definition of the term “refugee”, the Government of Ecuador declares that its accession to the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees does not imply its acceptance of the Conventions which have not been expressly signed and ratified by Ecuador.

With respect to article 15, Ecuador further declares that its acceptance of the provisions contained therein shall be limited in so far as those provisions are in conflict with the constitutional and statutory provisions in force prohibiting aliens, and consequently refugees, from being members of political bodies.

Ecuador, 1 februari 1972

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Egypte, 22 mei 1981

With reservations in respect of article 12 (1), articles 20 and 22 (1), and articles 23 and 24.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Egypte, 24 september 1981

Clarifications:

• 1. Egypt formulated a reservation to article 12 (1) because it is in contradiction with the internal laws of Egypt. This article provides that the personal status of a refugee shall be governed by the law of the country of his domicile or, failing this, of his residence. This formula contradicts article 25 of the Egyptian civil code, which reads as follows:

  The judge declares the applicable law in the case of persons without nationality or with more than one nationality at the same time. In the case of persons where there is proof, in accordance with Egypt, of Egyptian nationality, and at the same time in accordance with one or more foreign countries, of nationality of that country, the Egyptian law must be applied.

  The competent Egyptian authorities are not in a position to amend this article (25) of the civil code.

• 2. Concerning articles 20, 22 (paragraph 1), 23 and 24 of the Convention of 1951, the competent Egyptian authorities had reservations because these articles consider the refugee as equal to the national.

We made this general reservation to avoid any obstacle which might affect the discretionary authority of Egypt in granting privileges to refugees on a case-by-case basis.

El Salvador, 28 april 1983

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Equatoriaal-Guinea, 7 februari 1986

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Estland, 10 april 1997

[…]

• 1) to Articles 23 and 24 as follows:

  The Republic of Estonia considers articles 23 and 24 merely as recommendatory, not as legally binding.

• 2) to Article 25 as follows:

  The Republic of Estonia shall not be bound to cause a certificate to be delivered by an Estonian authority, in place of the authorities of a foreign country, if documentary records necessary for the delivery of such a certificate do not exist in the Republic of Estonia.

• 3) to Article 28, paragraph 1 as follows:

  The Republic of Estonia shall not be obliged within five years from the entry into force of the present Convention to issue travel documents provided in article 28.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Ethiopië, 10 november 1969

[…]

The provisions of articles 8, 9, 17 (2) and 22 (1) of the Convention are recognized only as recommendations and not as legally binding obligations.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Fiji, 12 juni 1972

The Government of Fiji stated that […] the first and fourth reservations made by the United Kingdom are affirmed but have been redrafted as more suitable to the application of Fiji in the following terms:

• 1. The Government of Fiji understands articles 8 and 9 as not preventing them from taking in time of war or other grave and exceptional circumstances measures in the interests of national security in the case of a refugee on the ground of his nationality. The provisions of article 8 shall not prevent the Government of Fiji from exercising any rights over property and interests which they may acquire or have acquired as an Allied or Associated Power under a Treaty of Peace or other agreement or arrangement for the restoration of peace which has been or may be completed as a result of the Second World War. Furthermore the provisions of article 8 shall not affect the treatment to be accorded to any property or interests which at the date of entry into force of this Convention on behalf of Fiji were under the control of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland or of the Government of Fiji respectively by reason of a state of war which existed between them and any other State.

• 2. The Government of Fiji cannot undertake to give effect to the obligations contained in paragraphs 1 and 2 of article 25 and can only undertake to apply the provisions of paragraph 3 so far as the law allows.

Commentary:

No arrangements exist in Fiji for the administrative assistance for which provision is made in article 25 nor have any such arrangements been found necessary in the case of refugees. Any need for the documents or certifications mentioned in paragraph 2 of that article would be met by affidavits.

All other reservations made by the United Kingdom to the above-mentioned Convention are withdrawn.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Filipijnen, 22 juli 1981

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Finland, 10 oktober 1968

• (1) A general reservation to the effect that the application of those provisions of the Convention which grant to refugees the most favourable treatment accorded to nationals of a foreign country shall not be affected by the fact that special rights and privileges are now or may in future be accorded by Finland to the nationals of Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden or to the nationals of any one of those Countries; […]

• (5) A reservation to article 24, […] paragraph 3 to the effect that they shall not be binding on Finland.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Frankrijk, 23 juni 1954

In depositing its instrument of ratification, the Government of the French Republic, acting in accordance with article 42 of the Convention, makes the following statements:

• (a) It considers that article 29, paragraph 2, does not prevent the application in French territory of the provisions of the Act of 7 May 1934 authorizing the levying of the Nansen tax for the support of refugee welfare, resettlement and relief work.

• (b) Article 17 in no way prevents the application of the laws and regulations establishing the proportion of alien workers that employers are authorized to employ in France or affects the obligations of such employers in connexion with the employment of alien workers.

Frankrijk, 23 juni 1954

Territorial application:

All territories for the international relations of which France is responsible.

Frankrijk, 3 februari 1971

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Gabon, 27 april 1964

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Gambia, 7 september 1966

With confirmation of the reservations made by the Government of the United Kingdom upon application of the Convention to the territory of Gambia.

• (i) The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland understand articles 8 and 9 as not preventing them from taking in time of war or other grave and exceptional circumstances measures in the interests of national security in the case of a refugee on the ground of his nationality. The provisions of article 8 shall not prevent the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from exercising any rights over property or interests which they may acquire or have acquired as an Allied or Associated power under a Treaty of Peace or other agreement or arrangement for the restoration of peace which has been or may be completed as a result of the Second World War. Furthermore, the provisions of article 8 shall not affect the treatment to be accorded to any property or interests which at the date of entry into force of this Convention for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland are under the control of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland by reason of a state of war which exists or existed between them and any other State.

• (ii) The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland accept paragraph 2 of article 17 with the substitution of “four years” for “three years” in sub-paragraph (a) and with the omission of sub-paragraph (c).

• (iii) The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, in respect of such of the matters referred to in sub-paragraph (b) of paragraph 1 of article 24 as fall within the scope of the National Health Service, can only undertake to apply the provisions of that paragraph so far as the law allows; and it can only undertake to apply the provisions of paragraph 2 of that Article so far as the law allows.

• (iv) The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland cannot undertake to give effect to the obligations contained in paragraphs 1 and 2 of article 25 and can only undertake to apply the provisions of paragraph 3 so far as the law allows.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Georgië, 9 augustus 1999

According to the paragraph 1, article 40 of the […] Convention, before the full restoration of the territorial integrity of Georgia, this Convention is applicable only to the territory where the jurisdiction of Georgia is exercised.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Ghana, 18 maart 1963

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Griekenland, 5 april 1960

In cases or circumstances which, in its opinion, would justify exceptional procedure for reasons of national security or public order, the Hellenic Government reserves the right to derogate from the obligations imposed by the provisions of article 26.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Guatemala, 22 september 1983

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Guinee, 28 december 1965

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Guinee-Bissau, 11 februari 1976

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Haïti, 25 september 1984

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Heilige Stoel, 15 maart 1956

The Holy See, in conformity with the terms of article 42, paragraph 1, of the Convention, makes the reservation that the application of the Convention must be compatible in practice with the special nature of the Vatican City State and without prejudice to the norms governing access to and sojourn therein.

Heilige Stoel, 17 november 1961

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Honduras, 23 maart 1992

• (a) With respect to article 7:

  The Government of the Republic of Honduras understands this article to mean that it shall accord to refugees such facilities and treatment as it shall deem appropriate at its discretion, taking into account the economic, social, democratic and security needs of the country;

• (b) With respect to article 17:

  This article shall in no way be understood as limiting the application of the labour and civil service laws of the country, especially is so far as they refer to the requirements, quotas and conditions of work which an alien must fulfil in his employment;

• (c) With respect to article 24:

  The Government of Honduras shall apply this article to the extent that it does not violate constitutional provisions governing labour, administrative or social security legislation in force in the country;

• (d) With respect to articles 26 and 31:

  The Government of Honduras reserves the right to designate, change or limit the place of residence of certain refugees or groups of refugees and to restrict their freedom of movement when national or international considerations so warrant;

• (e) With respect to article 34:

  The Government of the Republic of Honduras shall not be obligated to guarantee refugees more favourable naturalization facilities than those ordinarily granted to aliens in accordance with the laws of the country.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Honduras, 29 mei 2013

Withdrawal of reservations to Articles 24, 26 and 31 made upon accession.

Hongarije, 8 januari 1998

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Ierland, 29 november 1956

[…]

• 2. The Government of Ireland understands the words “public order” in article 32 (1) and the words “in accordance with due process of law” in article 32 (2) to mean, respectively, “public policy” and “in accordance with a procedure provided by law”.

• 3. With regard to article 17 the Government of Ireland do not undertake to grant to refugees rights of wage-earning employment more favourable than those granted to aliens generally.

• 4. The Government of Ireland undertake to give effect to article 25 only insofar as may be practicable and permissible under the laws of Ireland.

• 5. With regard to article 29 (1) the Government of Ireland do not undertake to accord to refugees treatment more favourable than that accorded to aliens generally with respect to

  […]

• (c) Income Tax (including Surtax).

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

IJsland, 30 november 1955

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Iran, 28 juli 1976

[…]

• 1. In all cases where, under the provisions of this Convention, refugees enjoy the most favourable treatment accorded to nationals of a foreign State, the Government of Iran reserves the right not to accord refugees the most favourable treatment accorded to nationals of States with which Iran has concluded regional establishment, customs, economic or political agreements.

• 2. The Government of Iran considers the stipulations contained in articles 17, 23, 24 and 26 as being recommendations only.

Iran, 27 september 1976

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Israël, 1 oktober 1954

[…]

• 2. Articles 8 and 12 shall not apply to Israel.

• 3. Article 28 shall apply to Israel with the limitations which result from Section 6 of the Passport Law of 5712-1952, according to which the Minister may, at his discretion:

  • (a) Refuse to grant, or to extend the validity of a passport or laissez-passer;

  • (b) Attach conditions to the grant or the extension of the validity of a passport or laissez-passer;

  • (c) Cancel, or shorten the period of validity of a passport or laissez-passer issued, and order the surrender thereof;

  • (d) Limit, either at or after the issue of a passport or laissez-passer, the range of countries for which it is to be valid.

• 4. Permits provided for by Article 30 shall be issued by the Minister of Finance at his discretion.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”

Italië, 1 maart 1990

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Ivoorkust, 20 december 1966

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Jamaica, 30 juli 1964

The Government of Jamaica confirms and maintains the following reservations, which were made when the Convention was extended to Jamaica by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland:

• (i) The Government of the United Kingdom understand articles 8 and 9 as not preventing the taking by the above-mentioned territory, in time of war or other grave and exceptional circumstances, of measures in the interests of national security in the case of a refugee on the ground of his nationality. The provisions of article 8 shall not prevent the Government of the United Kingdom from exercising any rights over property or interests which they may acquire or have acquired as an Allied or Associated Power under a Treaty of Peace or other agreement or arrangement for the restoration of peace which has been or may be completed as a result of the Second World War. Furthermore, the provisions of article 8 shall not affect the treatment to be accorded to any property or interests which, at the date of entry into force of the Convention for the above-mentioned territory, are under the control of the Government of the United Kingdom by reason of a state of war which exists or existed between them and any other State.

• (ii) The Government of the United Kingdom accept paragraph 2 of article 17 in its application to the above-mentioned territory with the substitution of “four years” for “three years” in subparagraph (a) and with the omission of subparagraph (c).

• (iii) The Government of the United Kingdom can only undertake that the provisions of subparagraph (b) of paragraph 1 of article 24 and of paragraph 2 of that article will be applied to the above-mentioned territory so far as the law allows.

• (iv) The Government of the United Kingdom cannot undertake that effect will be given in the above-mentioned territory to paragraphs 1 and 2 of article 25 and can only undertake that the provisions of paragraph 3 will be applied in the above-mentioned territory so far as the law allows.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Japan, 3 oktober 1981

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Jemen, 18 januari 1980

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Kameroen, 29 december 1961

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Kazachstan, 15 januari 1999

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Kenia, 16 mei 1966

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Kirgistan, 8 oktober 1996

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Kroatië, 12 oktober 1992

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Lesotho, 14 mei 1981

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Letland, 31 juli 1997

In accordance with paragraph 1 of article 42 of the [said Convention], the Republic of Latvia declares that it does not consider itself bound by the article 8 and the article 34 of the Convention.

In accordance with paragraph 1 of the article 42 of the [said Convention], the Republic of Latvia, in respect of the article 26 of the Convention, reserves the right to designate the place or places of residence of the refugees whenever considerations of national security or public order so require.

In accordance with paragraph 1 of the article 42 of the [said Convention], the Republic of Latvia declares that the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of the article 17 and article 24 of the Convention it considers as recommendations and not legal obligations.

In accordance with paragraph 1 of the article 42 of the [said Convention], the Republic of Latvia declares that in all cases where the Convention grants to refugees the most favourable treatment accorded to nationals of a foreign country, this provision shall not be interpreted by the Government of the Republic of Latvia as necessarily involving the regime accorded to nationals of countries with which the Republic of Latvia had concluded regional customs, economic, political or social security agreements.

Letland, 3 november 1997

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Liberia, 15 oktober 1964

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Liechtenstein, 8 maart 1957

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Litouwen, 28 april 1997

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Luxemburg, 28 juli 1951

[…] in all cases where this Convention grants to refugees the most favourable treatment accorded to nationals of a foreign country, this provision shall not be interpreted as necessarily involving the régime accorded to nationals of countries with which the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg has concluded regional, customs, economic or political agreements.

Luxemburg, 22 augustus 1972

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Macedonië, de voormalige Joegoslavische Republiek, 18 januari 1994

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Madagaskar, 18 december 1967

The provisions of article 7 (1) shall not be interpreted as requiring the same treatment as is accorded to nationals of countries with which the Malagasy Republic has concluded conventions of establishment or agreements on co-operation;

The provisions of articles 8 and 9 shall not be interpreted as forbidding the Malagasy Government to take, in time of war or other grave and exceptional circumstances, measures with regard to a refugee because of his nationality in the interests of national security.

The provisions of article 17 cannot be interpreted as preventing the application of the laws and regulations establishing the proportion of alien workers that employers are authorized to employ in Madagascar or affecting the obligations of such employers in connexion with the employment of alien workers.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (a) “Events occurring in Europe before 1 January 1951”.

Malawi, 10 december 1987

In respect of articles 7, 13, 15, 19, 22 and 24

The Government of the Republic of Malawi considers these provisions as recommendations only and not legally binding obligations.

In respect of article 17

The Government of the Republic of Malawi does not consider itself bound to grant a refugee who fulfils any of the conditions set forth in subparagraphs (a) to (c) to paragraph (2) of article 17 automatic exemption for the obligation to obtain a work permit.

In respect of article 17 as a whole, the Government of the Republic of Malawi does not undertake to grant to refugees rights of wage earning employment more favourable than those granted to aliens generally.

In respect of article 26

The Government of the Republic of Malawi reserves its right to designate the place or places of residence of the refugees and to restrict their movements whenever considerations of national security or public order so require.

In respect of article 34

The Government of the Republic of Malawi is not bound to grant to refugees any more favourable naturalization facilities than are granted, in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations, to aliens generally.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Mali, 2 februari 1973

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Malta, 17 januari 2002

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

The Government of Malta […] hereby withdraws the reservations relating to article 7 (2), Articles 14, 27, 28, 7(3)(4), (5), 8, 9, 17, 18, 31 and 32; […] and confirms that: Article 23 shall not apply to Malta, and articles 11, and 34 shall apply to Malta compatibly and with its own special problems, its peculiar position and characteristics.

Malta, 24 februari 2004

[The Government of Malta] declare that the Government of Malta, having reviewed the remaining reservations and declaration, hereby withdraws the reservations relating to Article 23, and the reservations in respect of Articles 11 and 34 wherein these applied to Malta compatibly with its own special problems, its peculiar positions and characteristics.

Marokko, 7 november 1956

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Mauritanië, 5 mei 1987

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Mexico, 7 juni 2000

It will always be the task of the Government of Mexico to determine and grant, in accordance with its legal provisions in force, refugee status, without prejudice to the definition of a refugee provided for under article 1 of the Convention and article 1 of its Protocol.

The Government of Mexico has the power to grant refugees greater facilities for naturalization and assimilation than those accorded to aliens in general, within the framework of its population policy and, particularly, with regard to refugees, in accordance with its national legislation.

The Government of Mexico is convinced of the importance of ensuring that all refugees can obtain wage-earning employment as a means of subsistence and affirms that refugees will be treated, in accordance with the law, under the same conditions as aliens in general, including the laws and regulations which establish the proportion of alien workers that employers are authorized to employ in Mexico, and this will not affect the obligations of employers with regard to the employment of alien workers.

On the other hand, since the Government of Mexico is unable to guarantee refugees who meet any of the requirements referred to in article 17, paragraph 2 (a), (b) and (c), of the Convention, the automatic extension of the obligations for obtaining a work permit, it lodges an express reservation to these provisions.

The Government of Mexico reserves the right to assign, in accordance with its national legislation, the place or places of residence of refugees and to establish the conditions for moving within the national territory, for which reason it lodges an express reservation to articles 26 and 31 (2) of the Convention.

The Government of Mexico lodges an express reservation to article 32 of the Convention and, therefore refers to the application of article 33 of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, without prejudice to observance of the principle of non-refoulement set forth in article 33 of the Convention.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Moldavië, 31 januari 2002

• 1. According to paragraph 1, article 40 of the Convention, the Republic of Moldova declares that, until the full restoration of the territorial integrity of the Republic of Moldova, the provisions of this Convention are applicable only in the territory where the jurisdiction of the Republic of Moldova is exercised.

• 2. The Republic of Moldova shall apply the provisions of this convention with no discrimination generally not only as to race, religion or country of origin as stipulated in Article 3 of the Convention.

• 3. For the purposes of this Convention by the notion “residence” shall be understood the permanent and lawful domicile.

• 4. According to paragraph 1 of Article 42 of the Convention, the Republic of Moldova reserves the right that the provisions of the Convention, according to which refugees shall be accorded treatment not less favorable than hat accorded aliens generally, are not interpreted as an obligation to offer refugees a regime similar to that accorded to the citizens of the states with which the Republic of Moldova has signed regional customs, economic, political and social security treaties.

• 5. According to paragraph 1 of Article 42 of the Convention, the Republic of Moldova reserves the right to consider the provisions of Article 13 as recommendations and not as obligations.

• 6. According to paragraph 1 of Article 42 of the Convention, the Republic of Moldova reserves the right to consider the provisions of Article 17 (2) as recommendations and not as obligations.

• 7. According to paragraph 1 of Article 42 of the Convention, the Republic of Moldova interprets the provisions of Article 21 of the Convention as not obliged to accord housing to refugees.

• 8. The Government of the Republic of Moldova reserves the right to apply the provisions of Article 24 so that they do not infringe upon the constitutional and domestic legislation provisions regarding the right to labor and social protection.

• 9. According to paragraph 1 of Article 42 of the Convention, in implementing Article 26 of this Convention, the Republic of Moldova reserves the right to establish the place of residence for certain refugees or groups of refugees in the interest of the state and society.

• 10. The Republic of Moldova shall apply the provisions of Article 31 of the Convention as of the date of the entry into force of the Law on Refugee Status.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Monaco, 18 mei 1954

Subject to the reservation that the stipulations contained in articles 7 (paragraph 2), 15, 22 (paragraph 1), 23 and 24 shall be provisionally considered as being recommendations and not legal obligations.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (a) “Events occurring in Europe before 1 January 1951”.

Montenegro, 10 oktober 2006

The Republic of Montenegro considers itself bound by alternative (b) of Article 1B (1) that is to say “events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Mozambique, 16 december 1983

In respect of articles 13 and 22:

The Government of Mozambique will take these provisions as simple recommendations not binding it to accord to refugees the same treatment as is accorded to Mozambicans with respect to elementary education and property.

In respect of articles 17 and 19:

The Government of Mozambique will interpret [these provisions] to the effect that it is not required to grant privileges from obligation to obtain a work permit.

As regards article 15:

The Government of Mozambique will not be bound to accord to refugees or groups of refugees resident in its territory more extensive rights than those enjoyed by nationals with respect to the right of association and it reserves the right to restrict them in the interest of national security.

As regards article 26:

The Government of Mozambique reserves its right to designate place or places for principal residence for refugees or to restrict their freedom of movement whenever considerations of national security make it advisable.

As regards article 34:

The Government of Mozambique does not consider itself bound to grant to refugees facilities greater than those granted to other categories of aliens in general, with respect to naturalization laws.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Namibië, 17 februari 1995

[…] article 26:

The Government of the Republic of Namibia reserves the right to designate a place or places for principal reception and residence for refugees or to restrict their freedom of movement if consideration of national security so required or make it advisable.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Nauru, 28 juni 2011

[…] the Republic of Nauru considers itself bound by alternative (b) of Article 1B(1) thereof, that is to say “events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Nederlanden, het Koninkrijk der, 3 mei 1956

This signature is appended subject to the reservation that in all cases where this Convention grants to refugees the most favourable treatment accorded to nationals of a foreign country this provision shall not be interpreted as involving the régime accorded to nationals of countries with which the Netherlands has concluded regional, customs, economic or political agreements.

• (1) With reference to article 26 of this Convention, the Netherlands Government reserves the right to designate a place of principal residence for certain refugees or groups of refugees in the public interest.

• (2) In the notifications concerning overseas territories referred to in article 40, paragraph 2, of this Convention, the Netherlands Government reserves the right to make a declaration in accordance with section B of article 1 with respect to such territories and to make reservations in accordance with article 42 of the Convention.

Nicaragua, 28 maart 1980

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Nieuw-Zeeland, 30 juni 1960

The Government of New Zealand can only undertake to give effect to the provisions contained in paragraph 2 of article 24 of the Convention so far as the law of New Zealand allows.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Niger, 7 december 1964

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Nigeria, 23 oktober 1967

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Noorwegen, 23 maart 1953

The obligation stipulated in article 17 (1) to accord to refugees lawfully staying in the country the most favourable treatment accorded to nationals of a foreign country in the same circumstances as regards the right to engage in wage-earning employment, shall not be construed as extending to refugees the benefits of agreements which may in the future be concluded between Norway, Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden, or between Norway and any one of these countries, for the purpose of establishing special conditions for the transfer of labour between these countries.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Oekraïne, 10 juni 2002

Having transmitted to the Secretary-General the Instrument of Accession of Ukraine simultaneously to the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol relating to the status of refugees, and in view of the fact that the Protocol provides in article I (2) that “the term “refugee” shall […] mean any person within the definition of article 1 of the Convention as if the words “As result of events occurring before 1 January 1951 and […]” and the words “[…] as a result of such events” in article 1 A (2) were omitted” and thus modifies in effect the provisions of article 1 of the Convention, it is the position of the Government of Ukraine that no separate declaration under article 1 B (1) of the Convention is required in the circumstances.

Oost-Timor, 7 mei 2003

In conformity with Article 42 of the Covention, the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste accedes to the Convention with reservations in respect of Articles 16 (2), 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Oostenrijk, 1 november 1954

The Convention is ratified:

• (a) Subject to the reservation that the Republic of Austria regards the provisions of article 17, paragraphs 1 and 2 (excepting, however, the phrase “who was already exempt from them at the date of entry into force of this Convention for the Contracting State concerned, or…” in the latter paragraph) not as binding obligation, but merely as a recommendation.

• (b) Subject to the reservation that the provisions of article 22, paragraph 1, shall not be applicable to the establishment and maintenance of private elementary schools, that the “public relief and assistance” referred to in article 23 shall be interpreted solely in the sense of allocations from public welfare funds (Armenversorgung), and that the “documents or certifications” referred to in article 25, paragraphs 2 and 3 shall construed to mean the identity certificates provided for in the Convention of 30 June 1928 relating to refugees.

  With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Panama, 2 augustus 1978

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Papua-Nieuw-Guinea, 17 juli 1986

The Government of Papua New Guinea in accordance with article 42 paragraph 1 of the Convention makes a reservation with respect to the provisions contained in articles 17 (1), 21, 22 (1), 26, 31, 32 and 34 of the Convention and does not accept the obligations stipulated in these articles.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Papua-Nieuw-Guinea, 20 augustus 2013

[…] In accordance with article 42, paragraph 2 of the Convention, I wish to communicate to you that Papua New Guinea withdraws its reservation with respect to the provisions contained in articles 17 (1), 21, 22 (1), 26, 31, 32 and 34 of the Convention in relations to refugees transferred by the Government of Australia to Papua New Guinea and accepts the obligations stipulated in these articles in relation to such persons. This withdrawal has immediate effect. The reservation remains in effect for all other persons […].

Paraguay, 10 januari 1991

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Peru, 8 december 1980

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Polen, 27 september 1991

The Republic of Poland does not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 24, paragraph 2, of the Convention.

Portugal, 13 juli 1976

In all cases in which the Convention confers upon the refugees the most favoured person status granted to nationals of a foreign country, this clause will not be interpreted in such a way as to mean the status granted by Portugal to the nationals of Brazil.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Roemenië, 7 augustus 1991

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Russische Federatie, 2 februari 1993

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Rwanda, 3 januari 1980

[…] article 26:

For reasons of public policy (ordre public), the Rwandese Re public reserves the right to determine the place of residence of refugees and to establish limits to their freedom of movement.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Saint Kitts en Nevis, 1 februari 2002

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Saint Vincent en de Grenadines, 3 november 1993

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Salomonseilanden, 28 februari 1995

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Samoa, 21 september 1988

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Sao Tomé en Principe, 1 februari 1978

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Senegal, 12 oktober 1964

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Servië, 12 maart 2001

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Seychellen, 23 april 1980

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Sierra Leone, 22 mei 1981

The Government of Sierra Leone wishes to state with regard to article 17 (2) that Sierra Leone does not consider itself bound to grant to refugees the rights stipulated therein.

Further, with regard to article 17 as a whole, the Government of Sierra Leone wishes to state that it considers the article to be a recommendation only and not a binding obligation.

The Government of Sierra Leone wishes to state that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 29, and it reserves the right to impose special taxes on aliens as provided for in the Constitution.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Slovenië, 6 juli 1992

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Slowakije, 4 februari 1993

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”

Somalië, 10 oktober 1978

The Government of the Somali Democratic Republic acceded to the Convention and Protocol on the understanding that nothing in the said Convention or Protocol will be construed to prejudice or adversely affect the national status, or political aspiration of displaced people from Somali Territories under alien domination.

It is in this spirit, that the Somali Democratic Republic will commit itself to respect the terms and provisions of the said Convention and Protocol.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Bezwaar door Ethiopië, 10 januari 1979

The provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia wishes to place on record its objection to the declaration [made by Somalia upon accession] and that it does not recognize it as valid on the ground that there are no Somali territories under alien domination.

Spanje, 14 augustus 1978

• a) The expression “the most favourable treatment” shall, in all the articles in which it is used, be interpreted as not including rights which, by law or by treaty, are granted to nationals of Portugal, Andorra, the Philippines or the Latin American countries or to nationals of countries with which international agreements of a regional nature are concluded.

• (b) The Government of Spain considers that article 8 is not a binding rule but a recommendation.

• (c) The Government of Spain reserves its position on the application of article 12, paragraph 1. Article 12, paragraph 2, shall be interpreted as referring exclusively to rights acquired by a refugee before he obtained, in any country, the status of refugee.

• (d) Article 26 of the Convention shall be interpreted as not precluding the adoption of special measures concerning the place of residence of particular refugees, in accordance with Spanish law.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Sudan, 22 februari 1974

With reservation as to article 26.

Sudan, 7 maart 1974

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Suriname, 29 november 1978

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Swaziland, 14 februari 2000

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”

Tadzjikistan, 7 december 1993

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Tanzania, 12 mei 1964

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Togo, 23 oktober 1962

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Trinidad en Tobago, 10 november 2000

The Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago considers itself bound by alternative (b) of Article 1 B (1) (of the Convention).

Tsjaad, 19 augustus 1981

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Tsjechië, 11 mei 1993

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Tunesië, 24 oktober 1957

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Turkije, 24 augustus 1951

The Turkish Government considers moreover, that the term “events occurring before 1 January 1951” refers to the beginning of the events. Consequently, since the pressure exerted upon the Turkish minority in Bulgaria, which began before 1 January 1951, is still continuing, the provision of this Convention must also apply to the Bulgarian refugees of Turkish extraction compelled to leave that country as a result of this pressure and who, being unable to enter Turkey, might seek refuge on the territory of another contracting party after 1 January 1951.

The Turkish Government will, at the time of ratification, enter reservations which it could make under article 42 of the Convention.

Turkije, 30 maart 1962

No provision of this Convention may be interpreted as granting to refugees greater rights than those accorded to Turkish citizens in Turkey;

The Government of the Republic of Turkey is not a party to the Arrangements of 12 May 1926 and of 30 June 1928 mentioned in article 1, paragraph A, of this Convention. Furthermore, the 150 persons affected by the Arrangement of 30 June 1928 having been amnestied under Act No. 3527, the provisions laid down in this Arrangement are no longer valid in the case of Turkey. Consequently, the Government of the Republic of Turkey considers the Convention of 28 July 1951 independently of the aforementioned Arrangements[…].

The Government of the Republic understands that the action of “re-availment” or “reacquisition” as referred to in article 1, paragraph C, of the Convention-that is to say: If

• (1) He has voluntarily re-availed himself of the protection of the country of his nationality; or

• (2) Having lost his nationality, he has voluntarily reacquired it”-does not depend only on the request of the person concerned but also on the consent of the State in question.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (a) “Events occurring in Europe before 1 January 1951”.

Turkmenistan, 2 maart 1998

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Tuvalu, 7 maart 1986

[…] Tuvalu confirmed that it regards the Convention […] as continuing in force subject to reservations previously made by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in relation to the Colony of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Uganda, 27 september 1976

• (1) In respect of article 7: The Government of the Republic of Uganda understands this provision as not conferring any legal, political or other enforceable right upon refugees who, at any given time, may be in Uganda. On the basis of this understanding the Government of the Republic of Uganda shall accord refugees such facilities and treatment as the Government of the Republic of Uganda shall in her absolute discretion, deem fit having regard to her own security, economic and social needs.

• (2) In respect of articles 8 and 9: The Government of the Republic of Uganda declares that the provisions of articles 8 and 9 are recognized by it as recommendations only.

• (3) In respect of article 13: The Government of the Republic of Uganda reserves to itself the right to abridge this provision without recourse to courts of law or arbitral tribunals, national or international, if the Government of the Republic of Uganda deems such abridgement to be in the public interest.

• (4) In respect of article 15: The Government of the Republic of Uganda shall in the public interest have the full freedom to withhold any or all rights conferred by this article from any refugees as a class of residents within her territory.

• (5) In respect of article 16: The Government of the Republic of Uganda understands article 16 paragraphs 2 and 3 thereof as not requiring the Government of the Republic of Uganda to accord to a refugee in need of legal assistance, treatment more favourable than that extended to aliens generally in similar circumstances.

• (6) In respect of article 17: The obligation specified in article 17 to accord to refugees lawfully staying in the country in the same circumstances shall not be construed as extending to refugees the benefit of preferential treatment granted to nationals of the states who enjoy special privileges on account of existing or future treaties between Uganda and those countries, particularly states of the East African Community and the Organization of African Unity, in accordance with the provisions which govern such charters in this respect.

• (7) In respect of article 25: The Government of the Republic of Uganda understands that this article shall not require the Government of the Republic of Uganda to incur expenses on behalf of the refugees in connection with the granting of such assistance except in so far as such assistance is requested by and the resulting expense is reimbursed to the Government of the Republic of Uganda by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees or any other agency of the United Nations which may succeed it.

• (8) In respect of article 32: Without recourse to legal process the Government of the Republic of Uganda shall, in the public interest, have the unfettered right to expel any refugee in her territory and may at any time apply such internal measures as the Government may deem necessary in the circumstances; so however that, any action taken by the Government of the Republic of Uganda in this regard shall not operate to the prejudice of the provisions of article 33 of this Convention.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Uruguay, 22 september 1970

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Verenigd Koninkrijk, 11 maart 1954

• (i) The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland understand articles 8 and 9 as not preventing them from taking in time of war or other grave and exceptional circumstances measures in the interests of national security in the case of a refugee on the ground of his nationality. The provisions of article 8 shall not prevent the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from exercising any rights over property or interests which they may acquire or have acquired as an Allied or Associated power under a Treaty of Peace or other agreement or arrangement for the restoration of peace which has been or may be completed as a result of the Second World War. Furthermore, the provisions of article 8 shall not affect the treatment to be accorded to any property or interests which at the date of entry into force of this Convention for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland are under the control of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland by reason of a state of war which exists or existed between them and any other State.

• (ii) The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland accept paragraph 2 of article 17 with the substitution of “four years” for “three years” in sub-paragraph (a) and with the omission of sub-paragraph (c).

• (iii) The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, in respect of such of the matters referred to in sub-paragraph (b) of paragraph 1 of article 24 as fall within the scope of the National Health Service, can only undertake to apply the provisions of that paragraph so far as the law allows; and it can only undertake to apply the provisions of paragraph 2 of that Article so far as the law allows.

• (iv) The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland cannot undertake to give effect to the obligations contained in paragraphs 1 and 2 of article 25 and can only undertake to apply the provisions of paragraph 3 so far as the law allows.

Commentary

In connexion with sub-paragraph (b) of paragraph 1 of article 24 relating to certain matters within the scope of the National Health Service, the National Health Service (Amendment) Act, 1949, contains powers for charges to be made to persons not ordinarily resident in Great Britain (which category would include refugees) who receive treatment under the Service. While these powers have not yet been exercised it is possible that this might have to be done at some future date. In Northern Ireland the health services are restricted to persons ordinarily resident in the country except where regulations are made to extend the Service to others. It is for these reasons that the Government of the United Kingdom while they are prepared in the future, as in the past, to give the most sympathetic consideration to the situation of refugees, find it necessary to make a reservation to sub-paragraph (b) of paragraph 1 of article 24 of the Convention.

The scheme of Industrial Injuries Insurance in Great Britain does not meet the requirements of paragraph 2 of article 24 of the Convention. Where an insured person has died as the result of an industrial accident or a disease due to the nature of his employment, benefit cannot generally be paid to his dependants who are abroad unless they are in any part of the British Commonwealth, in the Irish Republic or in a country with which the United Kingdom has made a reciprocal agreement concerning the payment of industrial injury benefits. There is an exception to this rule in favour of the dependants of certain seamen who die as a result of industrial accidents happening to them while they are in the service of British ships. In this matter refugees are treated in the same way as citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies and by reason of paragraphs 3 and 4 of article 24 of the Convention, the dependants of refugees will be able to take advantage of reciprocal agreements which provide for the payment of United Kingdom industrial injury benefits in other countries. By reason of paragraphs (3) and (4) of article 24 refugees will enjoy under the scheme of National Insurance and Industrial Injuries Insurance certain rights which are withheld from British subjects who are not citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies.

No arrangements exist in the United Kingdom for the administrative assistance for which provision is made in article 25 nor have any such arrangements been found necessary in the case of refugees. Any need for the documents or certifications mentioned in paragraph 2 of that article would be met by affidavits.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Verenigd Koninkrijk, 25 oktober 1956

Territorial application to

Falkland Islands:

Same reservations, in essence, as those made for the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man […].

Sint-Helena, Ascension en Tristan da Cunha:

Same reservations, in essence, as those made for the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man under Nos. (i), (iii) and (iv).

Bezwaar door Argentinië, 3 oktober 1983

[The Government of Argentina makes a] formal objection to the declaration of territorial extension issued by the United Kingdom with regard to the Malvinas Islands (and dependencies), which that country is illegally occupying and refers to as the “Falkland Islands”.

Verenigd Koninkrijk, 28 februari 1985

The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland have no doubt as to their right, by notification to the Depositary under the relevant provisions of the above-mentioned Convention, to extend the application of the Convention in question to the Falkland Islands or to the Falkland Islands Dependencies, as the case may be.

For this reason alone, the Government of the United Kingdom are unable to regard the Argentine [communication] under reference as having any legal effect.

Zambia, 24 september 1969

Subject to the following reservations made pursuant to article 42 (1) of the Convention:

Article 17 (2)

The Government of the Republic of Zambia wishes to state with regard to article 17, paragraph 2, that Zambia does not consider itself bound to grant to a refugee who fulfils any one of the conditions set out in sub-paragraphs (a) to (c) automatic exemption from the obligation to obtain a work permit.

Further, with regard to article 17 as a whole, Zambia does not wish to undertake to grant to refugees rights of wage-earning employment more favourable than those granted to aliens generally.

Article 22 (1)

The Government of the Republic of Zambia wishes to state that it considers article 22 (1) to be a recommendation only and not a binding obligation to accord to refugees the same treatment as is accorded to nationals with respect to elementary education.

Article 26

The Government of the Republic of Zambia wishes to state with regard to article 26 that it reserves the right to designate a place or places of residence for refugees.

Article 28

The Government of the Republic of Zambia wishes to state with regard to article 28 that Zambia considers itself not bound to issue a travel document with a return clause in cases where a country of second asylum has accepted or indicated its willingness to accept a refugee from Zambia.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Zimbabwe, 25 augustus 1981

• 1. The Government of the Republic of Zimbabwe declares that it is not bound by any of the reservations to the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, the application of which had been extended by the Government of the United Kingdom to its territory before the attainment of independence.

• 2. The Government of the Republic of Zimbabwe wishes to state with regard to article 17, paragraph 2, that it does not consider itself bound to grant a refugee who fulfills any of the conditions set out in subparagraphs (a) to (c) automatic exemption from the obligation to obtain a work permit. In addition, with regard to article 17 as a whole, the Republic of Zimbabwe does not undertake to grant to refugees rights of wage-earning employment more favourable than those granted to aliens generally.

• 3. The Government of the Republic of Zimbabwe wishes to state that it considers article 22 (1) as being a recommendation only and not an obligation to accord to refugees the same treatment as it accords to nationals with respect to elementary education.

• 4. The Government of the Republic of Zimbabwe considers articles 23 and 24 as being recommendations only.

• 5. The Government of the Republic of Zimbabwe wishes to state with regard to article 26 that it reserves the right to designate a place or places of residence for refugees.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”

Zuid-Afrika, 12 januari 1996

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Zuid-Korea, 3 december 1992

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Zweden, 26 oktober 1954

First, a general reservation to the effect that the application of those provisions of the Convention which grant to refugees the most favourable treatment accorded to nationals of a foreign country shall not be affected by the fact that special rights and privileges are now or may in future be accorded by Sweden to the nationals of Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Norway or to the nationals of any one of those countries; and, secondly, the following reservations:

[…]

a reservation to article 8 to the effect that that article shall not be binding on Sweden;

a reservation to article 12, paragraph 1, to the effect that the Convention shall not modify the rule of Swedish private international law, as now in force, under which the personal status of a refugee is governed by the law of his country of nationality

[…]

a reservation to article 17, paragraph 2, to the effect that Sweden does not consider itself bound to grant a refugee who fulfils any one of the conditions set out in subparagraphs (a)-(c) an automatic exemption from the obligation to obtain a work permit;

a reservation to article 24, paragraph 1 (b), to the effect that notwithstanding the principle of national treatment for refugees, Sweden shall not be bound to accord to refugees the same treatment as is accorded to nationals in respect of the possibility of entitlement to a national pension under the provisions of the National Insurance Act; and likewise to the effect that, in so far as the right to a supplementary pension under the said Act and the computation of such pension in certain respects are concerned, the rules applicable to Swedish nationals shall be more favourable than those applied to other insured persons;

a reservation to article 24, paragraph […] 3, to the effect that the provisions of this paragraph shall not be binding on Sweden;

and a reservation to article 25, to the effect that Sweden does not consider itself bound to cause a certificate to be delivered by a Swedish authority, in the place of the authorities of a foreign country, if the documentary records necessary for the delivery of such a certificate do not exist in Sweden.

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

Zwitserland, 21 januari 1955

With the declaration under section B of article 1 of the Convention: (b) “Events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951”.

G. INWERKINGTREDING

Zie Trb. 1954, 88, Trb. 1957, 21 en Trb. 1971, 148.

J. VERWIJZINGEN

Zie voor verwijzingen en overige verdragsgegevens Trb. 1951, 131, Trb. 1954, 88, Trb. 1957, 21, Trb. 1961, 56, Trb. 1964, 14, Trb. 1966, 197, Trb. 1971, 148, Trb. 1979, 90 en Trb. 1995, 136.

Verbanden

Het Verdrag, met bijlagen, wordt aangevuld door:

Titel	:	Protocol betreffende de status van vluchtelingen; New York, 31 januari 1967
Laatste Trb.	:	Trb. 2011, 203
Titel	:	Europese Overeenkomst inzake de overdracht van verantwoordelijkheid met betrekking tot vluchtelingen; Straatsburg, 16 oktober 1980
Laatste Trb.	:	Trb. 2014, 27

Overige verwijzingen

Titel	:	Handvest van de Verenigde Naties; San Francisco, 26 juni 1945
Laatste Trb.	:	Trb. 2014, 112
Titel	:	Statuut van het Internationaal Gerechtshof; San Francisco, 26 juni 1945
Laatste Trb.	:	Trb. 2012, 128
Titel	:	Verdrag betreffende de status van staatlozen; New York, 28 september 1954
Laatste Trb.	:	Trb. 1995, 137
Titel	:	Overeenkomst betreffende zeelieden-vluchtelingen; ’s-Gravenhage, 23 november 1957
Laatste Trb.	:	Trb. 2012, 4
Titel	:	Europese Overeenkomst inzake de afschaffing van visa voor vluchtelingen; Straatsburg, 20 april 1959
Laatste Trb.	:	Trb. 1995, 232
Titel	:	Protocol betreffende zeelieden-vluchtelingen; ’s-Gravenhage, 12 juni 1973
Laatste Trb.	:	Trb. 2012, 5

Uitgegeven de zevenentwintigste januari 2015.

De Minister van Buitenlandse Zaken, A.G. KOENDERS

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1) [Red.] In rubriek F van Trb. 1995, 136 dienen 2 correcties te worden aangebracht. Op blz. 3, halverwege de tekst, dient voetnoot nummer 16 bij Slowakije te worden verwijderd. Op blz. 3, bij voetnoot nummer 2 betreffende Peru dient de datum „8 december 1990” te worden vervangen door „8 december 1980”.