Tractatenblad 2009, 47

A. TITEL

Overeenkomst inzake de bescherming van Afrikaans-Euraziatische trekkende watervogels;

(met Bijlagen)

’s-Gravenhage, 15 augustus 1996

B. TEKST

De Engelse en de Franse tekst van de Overeenkomst, met Bijlagen, zijn geplaatst in Trb. 1996, 285.

Zie voor correcties in de Franse tekst Trb. 2005, 25.

Voor de Engelse en Franse tekst van de wijziging van 9 november 1999 van Bijlage 3 en zijn Tabel 1, bij de Overeenkomst zie Trb. 2005, 25.

Voor de Engelse en Franse tekst van de wijziging van 27 september 2002 van Bijlage 2 en Tabel 1 van Bijlage 3 bij de Overeenkomst zie eveneens Trb. 2005, 25.

Tijdens de vierde zitting van de Vergadering der partijen, die van 15 tot 19 september 2008 plaatsvond in Antananarivo, werd een Besluit tot wijziging van Bijlagen 2 en 3, inclusief zijn Tabel 1 bij de Overeenkomst aangenomen. De Engelse en de Franse tekst van het Besluit van 19 september 2008 en de gewijzigde Bijlagen 2 en 3, inclusief zijn Tabel 1 luiden als volgt:

Resolution 4.11
Amendments to the Annexes to the Agreement

Recalling Article X of the Agreement concerning the procedures for amendments to the Agreement and its annexes,

Further recalling Resolution 2.1, which, inter alia, requested the Technical Committee to review further development of the Agreement by including additional species of wetland birds traditionally considered to be seabirds,

Noting Resolution 3.8, which, inter alia, requested the Technical Committee to further consider the potential role of the Agreement in the conservation of seabirds, taking into account the action being undertaken by other multilateral environmental agreements and international organizations,

Recognising the work of the Technical Committee over the past triennium to address these requests and Having reviewed the Technical Committee’s conclusions (document AEWA/MOP Inf. 4.2),

Further recognising the work of the Technical Committee to review the Agreement’s Action Plan and Table 1 in the light of the findings of the international reviews,

Taking into account the findings of the fourth edition of the Report on the Conservation Status of Migratory Waterbirds in the Agreement area (document AEWA/MOP 4.8); the Review on pertinent hunting and trade legislation relating to the species listed in Annex of the Agreement (document AEWA/MOP 4.9); and the Review on the progress in phasing out the use of lead shot for hunting in wetlands (document AEWA/MOP 4.7), and

Acknowledging the following proposals for amendments to the annexes to the Agreement:

• a) Proposals for amendments to Annexes 2 (Waterbird species to which the Agreement applies) and 3 (Table 1) submitted by Mauritius, which concern the addition of 20 species of waterbirds traditionally considered as seabirds and the conservation status of their populations;

• b) Proposals for amendments to Annex 3 (Table 1) submitted by Italy, which concern the conservation status and definition of several populations, associated conservation status revision derived from the most recent IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, and revised definition of geographical terms used in range descriptions;

• c) Proposals for amendments to paragraphs 2.1.2(d) and 7.5 of the Agreement’s Action Plan (Annex 3) submitted by Croatia, which concern possession, utilization and trade in parts and derivatives of birds and eggs of Column B populations and the frequency of update of the international reviews;

• d) Proposals for amendments to paragraph 4.1.4 and section 4.3 of the Agreement’s Action Plan (Annex 3) submitted by Libya, which concern the deadline for phasing out the use of lead shot for hunting in wetlands and measures dealing with management of human activities,

and comments received from Contracting Parties concerning these proposals, all of which are presented in document AEWA/MOP 4.24.

The Meeting of the Parties:

• 1. Agrees to include additional 20 species in Annex 2 of the Agreement (AEWA Annex 2: Waterbird Species to which the Agreement Applies) as described in document AEWA/MOP 4.24 and Adopts the revised version of Annex 2 to the Agreement appended to the present Resolution as Appendix 1;

• 2. Adopts the revised version of Table 1 of the Action Plan appended to the present Resolution as Appendix 2, to replace the current Table 1 of the Action Plan;

• 3. Adopts the revised text of paragraph 2.1.2(d) of the AEWA Action Plan (AEWA Annex 3), which shall read as follows:

  “Prohibit the possession or utilization of, and trade in, birds and eggs of the populations which have been taken in contravention of any prohibition laid down pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph, as well as the possession or utilization of, and trade in, any readily recognisable parts or derivatives of such birds and their eggs.”;

• 4. Adopts the revised text of paragraph 4.1.4 of the AEWA Action Plan (AEWA Annex 3), which shall read as follows:

  “Parties shall endeavour to phase out the use of lead shot for hunting in wetlands as soon as possible in accordance with self-imposed and published timetables.”;

• 5. Adopts the addition of the following paragraphs to section 4.3 of the AEWA Action Plan (AEWA Annex 3):

  • “4.3.7. Parties are urged to take appropriate actions nationally or through the framework of Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and relevant international organisations to minimise the impact of fisheries ¹⁾ on migratory waterbirds, and where possible cooperate within these forums, in order to decrease the mortality in areas within and beyond national jurisdiction; appropriate measures shall especially address incidental killing and bycatch in fishing gear including the use of gill nets, longlines and trawling.

  • 4.3.8. Parties are also urged to take appropriate actions nationally or through the framework of Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and relevant international organisations to minimise the impact of fisheries on migratory waterbirds resulting in particular from unsustainable fishing that causes depletion of food resources for migratory waterbirds.

  • 4.3.9. Parties shall establish and effectively enforce adequate statutory pollution controls in accordance with international norms and legal agreements, particularly as related to oil spills, discharge and dumping of solid wastes, for the purpose of minimizing their impacts on the populations listed in Table 1.

  • 4.3.10. Parties shall establish appropriate measures, ideally to eliminate or otherwise to mitigate the threat from non-native terrestrial predators to breeding migratory waterbirds on islands and islets. Measures should refer to contingency planning to prevent invasion, emergency responses to remove introduced predators, and restoration programmes for islands where predator populations are already established.

  • 4.3.11. Parties are urged to establish appropriate measures to tackle threats to migratory waterbirds from aquaculture, including environmental assessment for developments that threaten wetlands of importance for waterbirds, especially when dealing with new or enlargement of existing installations, and involving issues such as pollution (e.g. from residues of pharmaceutical treatments used in aquaculture or eutrophication), habitat loss, entanglement risks, and introduction of non-native and potentially invasive species.”;

• 6. Adopts the revised text of paragraph 7.5 of the AEWA Action Plan (AEWA Annex 3), which shall read as follows:

  “The Agreement Secretariat shall endeavour to ensure that the reviews mentioned in paragraph 7.4 are updated at the following intervals:

  (a) – every session of the Meeting of the Parties; (b) – every second session of the Meeting of the Parties; (c) – every second session of the Meeting of the Parties; (d) – every third session of the Meeting of the Parties; (e) – every second session of the Meeting of the Parties; (f) – every third session of the Meeting of the Parties; (g) – every second session of the Meeting of the Parties.”;

• 7. Requests the Secretariat to monitor the implementation of the amendments; and

• 8. Requests the Technical Committee:

  • a) to review ornithological data on the Little Tern Sterna albifrons for a better delineation of the Mediterranean populations taking into account the relevant information concerning the Italian breeding population and to draft a consequent proposal for amendments to Table 1, as appropriate, to be presented to the 5^th Session of the Meeting of the Parties;

  • b) to review the definitions of geographical terms used in range descriptions of populations in Table 1 and to draft a consequent proposal for amendments to Table 1, as appropriate, to be presented to the 5^th Session of the Meeting of the Parties;

  • c) in the light of the development of terminology used by IUCN for Red Data Lists, to review, as a matter of priority, the applicability of the threat criteria, especially the Near Threatened IUCN Category, to the listing of populations in Table 1 and to present options for the amendment of Table 1 to be considered at the 5^th Session of the Meeting of the Parties;

  • d) to review taxonomic classifications of birds and suggest the most appropriate classification for the purposes of the Agreement, including application to Annex 2, and to draft a consequent proposal for amendments to Annex 2 and Table 1, as appropriate, to be presented to the 5^th Session of the Meeting of the Parties;

  • e) to draft a proposal for amendments to the AEWA Action Plan to deal with tackling the effects of aquatic invasive non-native species on watebird habitats to be presented to the 5^th Session of the Meeting of the Parties.

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Annex 2
Waterbird species to which the Agreement applies¹⁾

SPHENISCIDAE
Spheniscus demersus	African Penguin
GAVIIDAE
Gavia stellata	Red-throated Diver
Gavia arctica	Black-throated Diver
Gavia immer	Great Northern Diver
Gavia adamsii	White-billed Diver
PODICIPEDIDAE
Tachybaptus ruficollis	Little Grebe
Podiceps cristatus	Great Crested Grebe
Podiceps grisegena	Red-necked Grebe
Podiceps auritus	Slavonian Grebe
Podiceps nigricollis	Black-necked Grebe
PHAETHONTIDAE
Phaethon aetheras	Red-billed Tropicbird
Phaethon rubricauda	Red-tailed Tropicbird
Phaethon lepturus	White-tailed Tropicbird
PELECANIDAE
Pelecanus onocrotalus	Great White Pelican
Pelecanus rufescens	Pink-backed Pelican
Pelecanus crispus	Dalmatian Pelican
SULIDAE
Sula (Morus) bassana	Northern Gannet
Sula (Morus) capensis	Cape Gannet
Sula dactylatra	Masked Booby
PHALACROCORACIDAE
Phalacrocorax coronatus	Crowned Cormorant
Phalacrocorax pygmeus	Pygmy Cormorant
Phalacrocorax neglectus	Bank Cormorant
Phalacrocorax carbo	Great Cormorant
Phalacrocorax nigrogularis	Socotra Cormorant
Phalacrocorax capensis	Cape Cormorant
FREGATIDAE
Fregata minor	Great Frigatebird
Fregata ariel	Lesser Frigatebird
ARDEIDAE
Egretta ardesiaca	Black Heron
Egretta vinaceigula	Slaty Egret
Egretta garzetta	Little Egret
Egretta gularis	Western Reef Egret
Egretta dimorpha	Mascarene Reef Egret
Ardea cinerea	Grey Heron
Ardea melanocephala	Black-headed Heron
Ardea purpurea	Purple Heron
Casmerodius albus	Great Egret
Mesophoyx intermedia	Intermediate Egret
Bubulcus ibis	Cattle Egret
Ardeola ralloides	Squacco Heron
Ardeola idae	Madagascar Pond-Heron
Ardeola rufiventris	Rufous-bellied Heron
Nycticorax nycticorax	Black-crowned Night-Heron
Ixobrychus minutus	Little Bittern
Ixobrychus sturmii	Dwarf Bittern
Botaurus stellaris	Great Bittern
CICONIIDAE
Mycteria ibis	Yellow-billed Stork
Anastomus lamelligerus	African Openbill
Ciconia nigra	Black Stork
Ciconia abdimii	Abdim’s Stork
Ciconia episcopus	Woolly-necked Stork
Ciconia ciconia	White Stork
Leptoptilos crumeniferus	Marabou Stork
BALAENICIPITIDAE
Balaeniceps rex	Shoebill
THRESKIORNITHIDAE
Plegadis falcinellus	Glossy Ibis
Geronticus eremita	Waldrapp
Threskiornis aethiopicus	Sacred Ibis
Platalea leucorodia	Eurasian Spoonbill
Platalea alba	African Spoonbill
PHOENICOPTERIDAE
Phoenicopterus ruber	Greater Flamingo
Phoenicopterus minor	Lesser Flamingo
ANATIDAE
Dendrocygna bicolor	Fulvous Whistling-Duck
Dendrocygna viduata	White-faced Whistling-Duck
Thalassornis leuconotus	White-backed Duck
Oxyura leucocephala	White-headed Duck
Oxyura maccoa	Maccoa Duck
Cygnus olor	Mute Swan
Cygnus cygnus	Whooper Swan
Cygnus columbianus	Bewick’s Swan
Anser brachyrhynchus	Pink-footed Goose
Anser fabalis	Bean Goose
Anser albifrons	Greater White-fronted Goose
Anser erythropus	Lesser White-fronted Goose
Anser anser	Greylag Goose
Branta leucopsis	Barnacle Goose
Branta bernicla	Brent Goose
Branta ruficollis	Red-breasted Goose
Alopochen aegyptiacus	Egyptian Goose
Tadorna ferruginea	Ruddy Shelduck
Tadorna cana	South African Shelduck
Tadorna tadorna	Common Shelduck
Plectropterus gambensis	Spur-winged Goose
Sarkidiornis melanotos	Comb Duck
Nettapus auritus	African Pygmy-goose
Anas penelope	Eurasian Wigeon
Anas strepera	Gadwall
Anas crecca	Common Teal
Anas capensis	Cape Teal
Anas platyrhynchos	Mallard
Anas undulata	Yellow-billed Duck
Anas acuta	Northern Pintail
Anas erythrorhyncha	Red-billed Duck
Anas hottentota	Hottentot Teal
Anas querquedula	Garganey
Anas clypeata	Northern Shoveler
Marmaronetta angustirostris	Marbled Teal
Netta rufina	Red-crested Pochard
Netta erythrophthalma	Southern Pochard
Aythya ferina	Common Pochard
Aythya nyroca	Ferruginous Pochard
Aythya fuligula	Tufted Duck
Aythya marila	Greater Scaup
Somateria mollissima	Common Eider
Somateria spectabilis	King Eider
Polysticta stelleri	Steller’s Eider
Clangula hyemalis	Long-tailed Duck
Melanitta nigra	Common Scoter
Melanitta fusca	Velvet Scoter
Bucephala clangula	Common Goldeneye
Mergellus albellus	Smew
Mergus serrator	Red-breasted Merganser
Mergus merganser	Goosander
GRUIDAE
Balearica pavonina	Black Crowned Crane
Balearica regulorum	Grey Crowned Crane
Grus leucogeranus	Siberian Crane
Grus virgo	Demoiselle Crane
Grus paradisea	Blue Crane
Grus carunculatus	Wattled Crane
Grus grus	Common Crane
RALLIDAE
Sarothrura elegans	Buff-spotted Flufftail
Sarothrura boehmi	Streaky-breasted Flufftail
Sarothrura ayresi	White-winged Flufftail
Rallus aquaticus	Water Rail
Rallus caerulescens	African Rail
Crecopsis egregia	African Crake
Crex crex	Corncrake
Amaurornis flavirostris	Black Crake
Porzana parva	Little Crake
Porzana pusilla	Baillon’s Crake
Porzana porzana	Spotted Crake
Aenigmatolimnas marginalis	Striped Crake
Porphyrio alleni	Allen’s Gallinule
Gallinula chloropus	Common Moorhen
Gallinula angulata	Lesser Moorhen
Fulica cristata	Red-knobbed Coot
Fulica atra	Common Coot
DROMADIDAE
Dromas ardeola	Crab Plover
HAEMATOPODIDAE
Haematopus ostralegus	Eurasian Oystercatcher
Haematopus moquini	African Black Oystercatcher
RECURVIROSTRIDAE
Himantopus himantopus	Black-winged Stilt
Recurvirostra avosetta	Pied Avocet
BURHINIDAE
Burhinus senegalensis	Senegal Thick-knee
GLAREOLIDAE
Pluvianus aegyptius	Egyptian Plover
Glareola pratincola	Collared Pratincole
Glareola nordmanni	Black-winged Pratincole
Glareola ocularis	Madagascar Pratincole
Glareola nuchalis	Rock Pratincole
Glareola cinerea	Grey Pratincole
CHARADRIIDAE
Pluvialis apricaria	Eurasian Golden Plover
Pluvialis fulva	Pacific Golden Plover
Pluvialis squatarola	Grey Plover
Charadrius hiaticula	Common Ringed Plover
Charadrius dubius	Little Ringed Plover
Charadrius pecuarius	Kittlitz’s Plover
Charadrius tricollaris	Three-banded Plover
Charadrius forbesi	Forbes’s Plover
Charadrius pallidus	Chestnut-banded Plover
Charadrius alexandrinus	Kentish Plover
Charadrius marginatus	White-fronted Plover
Charadrius mongolus	Mongolian Plover
Charadrius leschenaultii	Greater Sandplover
Charadrius asiaticus	Caspian Plover
Eudromias morinellus	Eurasian Dotterel
Vanellus vanellus	Northern Lapwing
Vanellus spinosus	Spur-winged Plover
Vanellus albiceps	White-headed Lapwing
Vanellus senegallus	Wattled Lapwing
Vanellus lugubris	Senegal Lapwing
Vanellus melanopterus	Black-winged Lapwing
Vanellus coronatus	Crowned Lapwing
Vanellus superciliosus	Brown-chested Lapwing
Vanellus gregarius	Sociable Plover
Vanellus leucurus	White-tailed Plover
SCOLOPACIDAE
Scolopax rusticola	Eurasian Woodcock
Gallinago stenura	Pintail Snipe
Gallinago media	Great Snipe
Gallinago gallinago	Common Snipe
Lymnocryptes minimus	Jack Snipe
Limosa limosa	Black-tailed Godwit
Limosa lapponica	Bar-tailed Godwit
Numenius phaeopus	Whimbrel
Numenius tenuirostris	Slender-billed Curlew
Numenius arquata	Eurasian Curlew
Tringa erythropus	Spotted Redshank
Tringa totanus	Common Redshank
Tringa stagnatilis	Marsh Sandpiper
Tringa nebularia	Common Greenshank
Tringa ochropus	Green Sandpiper
Tringa glareola	Wood Sandpiper
Tringa cinerea	Terek Sandpiper
Tringa hypoleucos	Common Sandpiper
Arenaria interpres	Ruddy Turnstone
Calidris tenuirostris	Great Knot
Calidris canutus	Red Knot
Calidris alba	Sanderling
Calidris minuta	Little Stint
Calidris temminckii	Temminck’s Stint
Calidris maritima	Purple Sandpiper
Calidris alpina	Dunlin
Calidris ferruginea	Curlew Sandpiper
Limicola falcinellus	Broad-billed Sandpiper
Philomachus pugnax	Ruff
Phalaropus lobatus	Red-necked Phalarope
Phalaropus fulicaria	Grey Phalarope
STERCORARIIDAE
Catharacta skua	Great Skua
Stercorarius longicaudus	Long-tailed Skua
LARIDAE
Larus leucophthalmus	White-eyed Gull
Larus hemprichii	Sooty Gull
Larus canus	Common Gull
Larus audouinii	Audouin’s Gull
Larus marinus	Great Black-backed Gull
Larus dominicanus	Kelp Gull
Larus hyperboreus	Glaucous Gull
Larus glaucoides	Iceland Gull
Larus argentatus	Herring Gull
Larus heuglini	Heuglin’s Gull
Larus armenicus	Armenian Gull
Larus cachinnans	Yellow-legged Gull
Larus fuscus	Lesser Black-backed Gull
Larus ichthyaetus	Great Black-headed Gull
Larus cirrocephalus	Grey-headed Gull
Larus hartlaubii	Hartlaub’s Gull
Larus ridibundus	Common Black-headed Gull
Larus genei	Slender-billed Gull
Larus melanocephalus	Mediterranean Gull
Larus minutus	Little Gull
Xema sabini	Sabine’s Gull
Rissa tridactyla	Black-legged Kittiwake
STERNIDAE
Sterna nilotica	Gull-billed Tern
Sterna caspia	Caspian Tern
Sterna maxima	Royal Tern
Sterna bengalensis	Lesser Crested Tern
Sterna bergii	Great Crested Tern
Sterna sandvicensis	Sandwich Tern
Sterna dougallii	Roseate Tern
Sterna vittata	Antarctic Tern
Sterna hirundo	Common Tern
Sterna paradisaea	Arctic Tern
Sterna albifrons	Little Tern
Sterna saundersi	Saunders’s Tern
Sterna balaenarum	Damara Tern
Sterna repressa	White-cheeked Tern
Sterna anaethetus	Bridled Tern
Sterna fuscata	Sooty Tern
Chlidonias hybridus	Whiskered Tern
Chlidonias leucopterus	White-winged Tern
Chlidonias niger	Black Tern
Anous stolidus	Brown Noddy
Anous tenuirostris	Lesser Noddy
RYNCHOPIDAE
Rynchops flavirostris	African Skimmer
ALCIDAE
Alle alle	Little Auk
Uria aalge	Common Guillemot
Uria lomvia	Brunnich’s Guillemot
Alca torda	Razorbill
Cepphus grylle	Black Guillemot
Fratercula arctica	Atlantic Puffin

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Annex 3
Action plan¹⁾

1. Field of Application

• 1.1 The Action Plan is applicable to the populations of migratory waterbirds listed in Table 1 to this Annex (hereafter referred to as “Table 1”).

• 1.2 Table 1 forms an integral part of this Annex. Any reference to this Action Plan includes a reference to Table 1.

2. Species Conservation

• 2.1 Legal measures

  • 2.1.1 Parties with populations listed in column A of Table 1 shall provide protection to those populations listed in accordance with Article III, paragraph 2(a), of this Agreement. Such Parties shall in particular and subject to paragraph 2.1.3 below:

    • a) prohibit the taking of birds and eggs of those populations occurring in their territory;

    • b) prohibit deliberate disturbance in so far as such disturbance would be significant for the conservation of the population concerned; and

    • c) prohibit the possession or utilization of, and trade in, birds or eggs of those populations which have been taken in contravention of the prohibitions laid down pursuant to subparagraph (a) above, as well as the possession or utilization of, and trade in, any readily recognizable parts or derivatives of such birds and their eggs.

    By way of exception for those populations listed in Categories 2 and 3 in Column A only and which are marked by an asterisk, hunting may continue on a sustainable use basis where hunting of such populations is a long-established cultural practice. This sustainable use shall be conducted within the framework of special provisions of a species action plan at the appropriate international level.

  • 2.1.2 Parties with populations listed in Table 1 shall regulate the taking of birds and eggs of all populations listed in column B of Table 1. The object of such legal measures shall be to maintain or contribute to the restoration of those populations to a favourable conservation status and to ensure, on the basis of the best available knowledge of population dynamics, that any taking or other use is sustainable. Such legal measures, subject to paragraph 2.1.3 below, shall in particular:

    • a) prohibit the taking of birds belonging to the populations concerned during their various stages of reproduction and rearing and during their return to their breeding grounds if the taking has an unfavourable impact on the conservation status of the population concerned;

    • b) regulate the modes of taking;

    • c) establish limits on taking, where appropriate, and provide adequate controls to ensure that these limits are observed; and

    • d) prohibit the possession or utilization of, and trade in, birds and eggs of the populations which have been taken in contravention of any prohibition laid down pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph, as well as the possession or utilization of, and trade in, any readily recognizable parts or derivatives of such birds and their eggs.

  • 2.1.3 Parties may grant exemptions to the prohibitions laid down in paragraphs 2.1.1 and 2.1.2, irrespective of the provisions of Article III, paragraph 5, of the Convention, where there is no other satisfactory solution, for the following purposes:

    • a) to prevent serious damage to crops, water and fisheries;

    • b) in the interests of air safety or other overriding public interests;

    • c) for the purpose of research and education, of re-establishment and for the breeding necessary for these purposes;

    • d) to permit under strictly supervised conditions, on a selective basis and to a limited extent, the taking and keeping or other judicious use of certain birds in small numbers; and

    • e) for the purpose of enhancing the propagation or survival of the populations concerned.

      Such exemptions shall be precise as to content and limited in space and time and shall not operate to the detriment of the populations listed in Table 1. Parties shall as soon as possible inform the Agreement secretariat of any exemptions granted pursuant to this provision.

• 2.2 Single Species Action Plans

  • 2.2.1 Parties shall cooperate with a view to developing and implementing international single species action plans for populations listed in Category 1 of Column A of Table 1 as a priority and for those populations listed with an asterisk in Column A of Table 1. The Agreement secretariat shall coordinate the development, harmonization and implementation of such plans.

  • 2.2.2 Parties shall prepare and implement national single species action plans for the populations listed in Column A of Table 1 with a view to improving their overall conservation status. This action plan shall include special provisions for those populations marked with an asterisk. When appropriate, the problem of accidental killing of birds by hunters as a result of incorrect identification of the species should be considered.

• 2.3 Emergency Measures

  Parties shall, in close cooperation with each other whenever possible and relevant, develop and implement emergency measures for populations listed in Table 1, when exceptionally unfavourable or endangering conditions occur anywhere in the Agreement Area.

• 2.4 Re-establishments

  Parties shall exercise the greatest care when re-establishing populations listed in Table 1 into parts of their traditional range where they no longer exist. They shall endeavour to develop and follow a detailed re-establishment plan based on appropriate scientific studies. Re-establishment plans should constitute an integral part of national and, where appropriate, international single species action plans. A re-establishment plan should include assessment of the impact on the environment and shall be made widely available. Parties shall inform the Agreement secretariat, in advance, of all re-establishment programme for populations listed in Table 1.

• 2.5 Introductions

  • 2.5.1 Parties shall, if they consider it necessary, prohibit the introduction of non-native species of animals and plants which may be detrimental to the populations listed in Table 1.

  • 2.5.2 Parties shall, if they consider it necessary, require the taking of appropriate precautions to avoid the accidental escape of captive birds belonging to non-native species.

  • 2.5.3 Parties shall take measures to the extent feasible and appropriate, including taking, to ensure that when non-native species or hybrids thereof have already been introduced into their territory, those species or their hybrids do not pose a potential hazard to the populations listed in Table 1.

3. Habitat Conservation

• 3.1 Habitat Inventories

  • 3.1.1 Parties, in liaison where appropriate with competent international organizations, shall undertake and publish national inventories of the habitats within their territory which are important to the populations listed in Table 1.

  • 3.1.2 Parties shall endeavour, as a matter of priority, to identify all sites of international or national importance for populations listed in Table 1.

• 3.2 Conservation of Areas

  • 3.2.1 Parties shall endeavour to continue establishing protected areas to conserve habitats important for the populations listed in Table 1, and to develop and implement management plans for these areas.

  • 3.2.2 Parties shall endeavour to give special protection to those wetlands which meet internationally accepted criteria of international importance.

  • 3.2.3 Parties shall endeavour to make wise and sustainable use of all of the wetlands in their territory. In particular they shall endeavour to avoid degradation and loss of habitats that support populations listed in Table 1 through the introduction of appropriate regulations or standards and control measures. In particular, they shall endeavour to:

    • a) ensure, where practicable, that adequate statutory controls are in place, relating to the use of agricultural chemicals, pest control procedures and the disposal of waste water, which are in accordance with international norms, for the purpose of minimizing their adverse impacts on the populations listed in Table 1; and

    • b) prepare and distribute information materials, in the appropriate languages, describing such regulations, standards and control measures in force and their benefits to people and wildlife.

  • 3.2.4 Parties shall endeavour to develop strategies, according to an ecosystem approach, for the conservation of the habitats of all populations listed in Table 1, including the habitats of those populations that are dispersed.

• 3.3 Rehabilitation and Restoration

  Parties shall endeavour to rehabilitate or restore, where feasible and appropriate, areas which were previously important for the populations listed in Table 1.

4. Management of Human Activities

• 4.1 Hunting

  • 4.1.1 Parties shall cooperate to ensure that their hunting legislation implements the principle of sustainable use as envisaged in this Action Plan, taking into account the full geographical range of the waterbird populations concerned and their life history characteristics.

  • 4.1.2 The Agreement secretariat shall be kept informed by the Parties of their legislation relating to the hunting of populations listed in Table 1.

  • 4.1.3 Parties shall cooperate with a view to developing a reliable and harmonized system for the collection of harvest data in order to assess the annual harvest of populations listed in Table 1. They shall provide the Agreement secretariat with estimates of the total annual take for each population, when available.

  • 4.1.4 Parties shall endeavour to phase out the use of lead shot for hunting in wetlands as soon as possible in accordance with self-imposed and published timetables.

  • 4.1.5 Parties shall develop and implement measures to reduce, and as far as possible eliminate, the use of poisoned baits.

  • 4.1.6 Parties shall develop and implement measures to reduce, and as far as possible eliminate, illegal taking.

  • 4.1.7 Where appropriate, Parties shall encourage hunters, at local, national and international levels, to form clubs or organizations to coordinate their activities and to help ensure sustainability.

  • 4.1.8 Parties shall, where appropriate, promote the requirement of a proficiency test for hunters, including among other things, bird identification.

• 4.2 Eco-tourism

  • 4.2.1 Parties shall encourage, where appropriate but not in the case of core zones of protected areas, the elaboration of cooperative programmes between all concerned to develop sensitive and appropriate eco-tourism at wetlands holding concentrations of populations listed in Table 1.

  • 4.2.2 Parties, in cooperation with competent international organisations, shall endeavour to evaluate the costs, benefits and other consequences that can result from eco-tourism at selected wetlands with concentrations of populations listed in Table 1. They shall communicate the results of any such evaluations to the Agreement secretariat.

• 4.3 Other Human Activities

  • 4.3.1 Parties shall assess the impact of proposed projects which are likely to lead to conflicts between populations listed in Table 1 that are in the areas referred to in paragraph 3.2 and human interests, and shall make the results of the assessment publicly available.

  • 4.3.2 Parties shall endeavour to gather information on the damage, in particular to crops and to fisheries, caused by populations listed in Table 1, and report the results to the Agreement secretariat.

  • 4.3.3 Parties shall cooperate with a view to identifying appropriate techniques to minimize damage, or to mitigate the effects of damage, in particular to crops and to fisheries, caused by populations listed in Table 1, drawing on the experience gained elsewhere in the world.

  • 4.3.4 Parties shall cooperate with a view to developing single species action plans for populations which cause significant damage, in particular to crops and to fisheries. The Agreement secretariat shall coordinate the development and harmonization of such plans.

  • 4.3.5 Parties shall, as far as possible, promote high environmental standards in the planning and construction of structures to minimize their impact on populations listed in Table 1. They should consider steps to minimize the impact of structures already in existence where it becomes evident that they constitute a negative impact for the populations concerned.

  • 4.3.6 In cases where human disturbance threatens the conservation status of waterbird populations listed in Table 1, Parties should endeavour to take measures to limit the level of threat. Special attention should be given to problem of human disturbance at breeding colonies of colonially-nesting waterbirds, especially when they are situated in the areas which are popular for outdoor recreation. Appropriate measures might include, inter alia, the establishment of disturbance-free zones in protected areas where public access is not permitted.

  • 4.3.7. Parties are urged to take appropriate actions nationally or through the framework of Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and relevant international organisations to minimise the impact of fisheries²⁾ on migratory waterbirds, and where possible cooperate within these forums, in order to decrease the mortality in areas within and beyond national jurisdiction; appropriate measures shall especially address incidental killing and bycatch in fishing gear including the use of gill nets, longlines and trawling.

  • 4.3.8. Parties are also urged to take appropriate actions nationally or through the framework of Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and relevant international organisations to minimise the impact of fisheries on migratory waterbirds resulting in particular from unsustainable fishing that causes depletion of food resources for migratory waterbirds.

  • 4.3.9. Parties shall establish and effectively enforce adequate statutory pollution controls in accordance with international norms and legal agreements, particularly as related to oil spills, discharge and dumping of solid wastes, for the purpose of minimizing their impacts on the populations listed in Table 1.

  • 4.3.10. Parties shall establish appropriate measures, ideally to eliminate or otherwise to mitigate the threat from non-native terrestrial predators to breeding migratory waterbirds on islands and islets. Measures should refer to contingency planning to prevent invasion, emergency responses to remove introduced predators, and restoration programmes for islands where predator populations are already established.

  • 4.3.11. Parties are urged to establish appropriate measures to tackle threats to migratory waterbirds from aquaculture, including environmental assessment for developments that threaten wetlands of importance for waterbirds, especially when dealing with new or enlargement of existing installations, and involving issues such as pollution (e.g. from residues of pharmaceutical treatments used in aquaculture or eutrophication), habitat loss, entanglement risks, and introduction of non-native and potentially invasive species.”

5. Research and Monitoring

• 5.1 Parties shall endeavour to carry out survey work in poorly known areas, which may hold important concentrations of the populations listed in Table 1. The results of such surveys shall be disseminated widely.

• 5.2 Parties shall endeavour to monitor the populations listed in Table 1. The results of such monitoring shall be published or sent to appropriate international organizations, to enable reviews of population status and trends.

• 5.3 Parties shall cooperate to improve the measurement of bird population trends as a criterion for describing the status of such populations.

• 5.4 Parties shall cooperate with a view to determining the migration routes of all populations listed in Table 1, using available knowledge of breeding and non-breeding season distributions and census results, and by participating in coordinated ringing programmes.

• 5.5 Parties shall endeavour to initiate and support joint research projects into the ecology and population dynamics of populations listed in Table 1 and their habitats, in order to determine their specific requirements as well as the techniques which are the most appropriate for their conservation and management.

• 5.6 Parties shall endeavour to undertake studies on the effects of wetland loss and degradation and disturbance on the carrying capacity of wetlands used by the populations listed in Table 1 and on the migration patterns of such populations.

• 5.7 Parties shall endeavour to undertake studies on the impact of hunting and trade on the populations listed in Table 1 and on the importance of these forms of utilization to the local and national economy.

• 5.8 Parties shall endeavour to cooperate with relevant international organisations and to support research and monitoring projects.

6. Education and Information

• 6.1 Parties shall, where necessary, arrange for training programmes to ensure that personnel responsible for the implementation of this Action Plan have an adequate knowledge to implement it effectively.

• 6.2 Parties shall cooperate with each other and the Agreement secretariat with a view to developing training programmes and exchanging resource materials.

• 6.3 Parties shall endeavour to develop programmes, information materials and mechanisms to improve the level of awareness of the general public with regard to the objectives, provisions and contents of this Action Plan. In this regard, particular attention shall be given to those people living in and around important wetlands, to users of these wetlands (hunters, fishermen, tourists, etc.) and to local authorities and other decision makers.

• 6.4 Parties shall endeavour to undertake specific public awareness campaigns for the conservation of the populations listed in Table 1.

7. Implementation

• 7.1 When implementing this Action Plan, Parties shall, when appropriate, give priority to those populations listed in Column A of Table 1.

• 7.2 Where, in the case of populations listed in Table 1, more than one population of the same species occurs on the territory of a Party, that Party shall apply conservation measures appropriate to the population or populations that have the poorest conservation status.

• 7.3 The Agreement secretariat, in coordination with the Technical Committee and with the assistance of experts from Range States, shall coordinate the development of conservation guidelines in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 4, of this Agreement to assist the Parties in the implementation of this Action Plan. The Agreement secretariat shall ensure, where possible, coherence with guidelines approved under other international instruments. These conservation guidelines shall aim at introducing the principle of sustainable use. They shall cover, inter alia:

  • a) single species action plans;

  • b) emergency measures;

  • c) preparation of site inventories and habitat management methods;

  • d) hunting practices;

  • e) trade in waterbirds;

  • f) tourism;

  • g) reducing crop damage; and

  • h) a waterbird monitoring protocol.

• 7.4 The Agreement secretariat, in coordination with the Technical Committee and the Parties, shall prepare a series of international reviews necessary for the implementation of this Action Plan, including:

  • a) reports on the status and trends of populations;

  • b) gaps in information from surveys;

  • c) the networks of sites used by each population, including reviews of the protection status of each site as well as of the management measures taken in each case;

  • d) pertinent hunting and trade legislation in each country relating to the species listed in Annex 2 to this Agreement;

  • e) the stage of preparation and implementation of single species action plans;

  • f) re-establishment projects; and

  • g) the status of introduced non-native waterbird species and hybrids thereof.

• 7.5 The Agreement secretariat shall endeavour to ensure that the reviews mentioned in paragraph 7.4 are updated at the following intervals:

  (a) every session of the Meeting of the Parties; (b) – every second session of the Meeting of the Parties; (c) – every second session of the Meeting of the Parties; (d) – every third session of the Meeting of the Parties; (e) – every second session of the Meeting of the Parties; (f) – every third session of the Meeting of the Parties; (g) – every second session of the Meeting of the Parties.

• 7.6 The Technical Committee shall assess the guidelines and reviews prepared under paragraphs 7.3 and 7.4, and shall formulate draft recommendations and resolutions relating to their development, content and implementation for consideration at sessions of the Meeting of the Parties.

• 7.7 The Agreement secretariat shall regularly undertake a review of potential mechanisms for providing additional resources (funds and technical assistance) for the implementation of this Action Plan, and shall make a report to each ordinary session of the Meeting of the Parties.

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Table 1¹⁾
Status of the populations of migratory waterbirds Key to classification

The following key to Table 1 is a basis for implementation of the Action Plan:

Column A
Category 1:	(a) Species which are included in Appendix I to the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory species of Wild Animals;
	(b) Species which are listed as threatened on the IUCN Red list of Threatened Species, as reported in the most recent summary by BirdLife International; or
	(c) Populations, which number less than around 10,000 individuals.
Category 2:	Populations numbering between around 10,000 and around 25,000 individuals.
Category 3:	Populations numbering between around 25,000 and around 100,000 individuals and considered to be at risk as a result of:
	(a) Concentration onto a small number of sites at any stage of their annual cycle;
	(b) Dependence on a habitat type, which is under severe threat;
	(c) Showing significant long-term decline; or
	(d) Showing extreme fluctuations in population size or trend.

For species listed in categories 2 and 3 above, see paragraph 2.1.1 of the Action Plan contained in Annex 3 to the Agreement.

Column B
Category 1:	Populations numbering between around 25,000 and around 100,000 individuals and which do not fulfil the conditions in respect of column A, as described above.
Category 2:	Populations numbering more than around 100,000 individuals and considered to be in need of special attention as a result of:
	(a) Concentration onto a small number of sites at any stage of their annual cycle;
	(b) Dependence on a habitat type, which is under severe threat;
	(c) Showing significant long-term decline; or
	(d) Showing extreme fluctuations in population size or trend.
Column C
Category 1:	Populations numbering more than around 100,000 individuals which could significantly benefit from international cooperation and which do not fulfil the conditions in respect of either column A or column B, above.

Review of table 1

The Table shall be:

• (a) Reviewed regularly by the Technical Committee in accordance with article VII, paragraph 3(b), of the Agreement; and

• (b) Amended as necessary by the Meeting of the Parties, in accordance with article VI, paragraph 9(d) of the Agreement, in light of the conclusions of such reviews.

Definition of geographical terms used in range descriptions ²⁾

North Africa	Algeria, Egypt, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco, Tunisia.
West Africa	Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, the Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo.
Eastern Africa	Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania.
North-west Africa	Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.
North-east Africa	Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan.
Southern Africa	Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Central Africa	Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe.
Sub-Saharan Africa	All African states south of the Sahara.
Tropical Africa	Sub-Saharan Africa excluding Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland.
Western Palearctic	As defined in Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa (Cramp & Simmons 1977).
North-west Europe	Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Western Europe	North-west Europe with Portugal and Spain.
North-east Europe	The northern part of the Russian Federation west of the Urals.
North Europe	North-west Europe and North-east Europe, as defined above.
Eastern Europe	Belarus, the Russian Federation west of the Urals, Ukraine.
Central Europe	Austria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Poland, the Russian Federation around the Gulf of Finland and Kaliningrad, Slovakia, Switzerland.
South-west Europe	France, Italy, Malta, Monaco, Portugal, San Marino, Spain
South-east Europe	Albania, Armenia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece, FYR Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia and Turkey.
North Atlantic	Faroes, Greenland, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, the north-west coast of the Russian Federation, Svalbard, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
East Atlantic	Atlantic seaboard of Europe and North Africa from northern Norway to Morocco.
Western Siberia	The Russian Federation east of the Urals to the Yenisey River and south to the Kazakhstan border.
Central Siberia	The Russian Federation from the Yenisey River to the eastern boundary of the Taimyr Peninsula and south to the Altai Mountains.
West Mediterranean	Algeria, France, Italy, Malta, Monaco, Morocco, Portugal, San Marino, Spain, Tunisia.
East Mediterranean	Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, the Syrian Arab Republic, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey.
Black Sea	Armenia, Bulgaria, Georgia, Republic of Moldova, Romania, the Russian Federation, Turkey, Ukraine.
Caspian	Azerbaijan, Islamic Republic of Iran, Kazakhstan, South-west Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
South-west Asia	Bahrain, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the Syrian Arab Republic, eastern Turkey, Turkmenistan, the United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Yemen.
Gulf	the Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman and Arabian Sea west to the Gulf of Aden.
Western Asia	Western parts of the Russian Federation east of the Urals and the Caspian countries.
Central Asia	Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
Southern Asia	Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka.
Indian Ocean	Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius and Seychelles.

Key to abbreviations and symbols

bre:	breeding	win:	wintering
N:	Northern	E:	Eastern
S:	Southern	W:	Western
NE:	North-eastern	NW:	North-western
SE:	South-eastern	SW:	South-western
()	Population status unknown. Conservation status estimated.
*	By way of exception for those populations marked by an asterisk, hunting may continue on a sustainable use basis where hunting of such populations is a long-established cultural practice (see paragraph 2.1.1 of Annex 3 to the Agreement).

Notes

• 1. The population data used to compile Table 1 as far as possible correspond to the number of individuals in the potential breeding stock in the Agreement area. The status is based on the best available published population estimates.

• 2. Suffixes (bre) or (win) in population listings are solely aids to population identification. They do not indicate seasonal restrictions to actions in respect of these populations under the Agreement and Action Plan.

• 3. The brief descriptions used to identify the populations are based on the descriptions used in the fourth edition of Waterbird Population Estimates and the Handbook of the Birds of the World.

• 4. Slash signs (/) are used to separate breeding areas from wintering areas.

• 5. Where a species’ population is listed in Table 1 with multiple categorisations, the obligations of the Action Plan relate to the strictest category listed.

  	A	B	C
  SPHENISCIDAE
  Spheniscus demersus
  – Southern Africa	1b	2a 2c
  GAVIIDAE
  Gavia stellata
  – North-west Europe (win)		2c
  – Caspian, Black Sea & East Mediterranean (win)		(1)
  Gavia arctica arctica
  – Northern Europe & Western Siberia/Europe		2c
  Gavia arctica suschkini
  – Central Siberia/Caspian			(1)
  Gavia immer
  – Europe (win)	1c
  Gavia adamsii
  – Northern Europe (win)	1c
  PODICIPEDIDAE
  Tachybaptus ruficollis ruficollis
  – Europe & North-west Africa			1
  Podiceps cristatus cristatus
  – North-west & Western Europe		2c
  – Black Sea & Mediterranean (win)		2c
  – Caspian & South-west Asia (win)	2
  Podiceps cristatus infuscatus
  – Eastern Africa (Ethiopia to N Zambia)	1c
  – Southern Africa	1c
  Podiceps grisegena grisegena
  – North-west Europe (win)	3c
  – Black Sea & Mediterranean (win)	3c
  – Caspian (win)	2
  Podiceps auritus auritus
  – North-west Europe (large-billed)	1c
  – North-east Europe (small-billed)	2
  – Caspian & South Asia (win)	2
  Podiceps nigricollis nigricollis
  – Europe/South & West Europe & North Africa		2c
  – Western Asia/South-west & South Asia		1
  Podiceps nigricollis gurneyi
  – Southern Africa	2
  PHAETHONTIDAE
  Phaethon aetheras aetheras
  – South Atlantic	1c
  Phaethon aetheras indicus
  – Persian Gulf, Gulf of Aden, Red Sea	1c
  Phaethon rubricauda rubricauda
  – Indian Ocean	1c
  Phaethon lepturus lepturus
  – Persian Gulf, Gulf of Aden, Red Sea	1c
  PELECANIDAE
  Pelecanus onocrotalus
  – Southern Africa		1
  – West Africa		1
  – Eastern Africa			1
  – Europe & Western Asia (bre)	1a 3c
  Pelecanus rufescens
  – Tropical Africa & SW Arabia		1
  Pelecanus crispus
  – Black Sea & Mediterranean (win)	1a 1c
  – South-west Asia & South Asia (win)	1a 1c
  SULIDAE
  Sula (Morus) bassana		2a
  Sula (Morus) capensis
  – Southern Africa	1b	2a 2c
  Sula dactylatra melanops
  – W Indian Ocean	1c
  PHALACROCORACIDAE
  Phalacrocorax coronatus
  – Coastal South-west Africa	1c
  Phalacrocorax pygmeus
  – Black Sea & Mediterranean		1
  – South-west Asia		1
  Phalacrocorax neglectus
  – Coastal South-west Africa	1b 2
  Phalacrocorax carbo carbo
  – North-west Europe			1
  Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis
  – Northern & Central Europe			1
  – Black Sea & Mediterranean			1
  – West & South-west Asia			(1)
  Phalacrocorax carbo lucidus
  – Coastal West Africa		1
  – Central & Eastern Africa			1
  – Coastal Southern Africa	2
  Phalacrocorax nigrogularis
  – Arabian Coast	1b	2a 2c
  – Gulf of Aden, Socotra, Arabian Sea	1b	1
  Phalacrocorax capensis
  – Coastal Southern Africa		2a 2c
  FREGATIDAE
  Fregata minor aldabrensis
  – W Indian Ocean	1c
  Fregata ariel iredalei
  – W Indian Ocean	1c
  ARDEIDAE
  Egretta ardesiaca
  – Sub-Saharan Africa		1
  Egretta vinaceigula
  – South-central Africa	1b 1c
  Egretta garzetta garzetta
  – Sub-Saharan Africa			(1)
  – Western Europe, NW Africa			1
  – Central & E Europe, Black Sea, E Mediterranean		1
  – Western Asia/SW Asia, NE & Eastern Africa		(1)
  Egretta gularis gularis
  – West Africa		(1)
  Egretta gularis schistacea
  – North-east Africa & Red Sea		(1)
  – South-west Asia & South Asia	2
  Egretta dimorpha
  – Coastal Eastern Africa	2
  Ardea cinerea cinerea
  – Sub-Saharan Africa			1
  – Northern & Western Europe			1
  – Central & Eastern Europe			1
  – West & South-west Asia (bre)			(1)
  Ardea melanocephala
  – Sub-Saharan Africa			(1)
  Ardea purpurea purpurea
  – Tropical Africa		1
  – West Europe & West Mediterranean/West Africa	2
  – East Europe & South-west Asia/Sub-Saharan Africa		(2c)
  Casmerodius albus albus
  – W, C & SE Europe/Black Sea & Mediterranean		1
  – Western Asia/South-west Asia		(1)
  Casmerodius albus melanorhynchos
  – Sub-Saharan Africa & Madagascar			(1)
  Mesophoyx intermedia brachyrhyncha
  – Sub-Saharan Africa		1
  Bubulcus ibis ibis
  – Southern Africa			1
  – Tropical Africa			1
  – South-west Europe			1
  – North-west Africa			1
  – East Mediterranean & South-west Asia		1
  Ardeola ralloides ralloides
  – SW Europe, NW Africa (bre)	1c
  – C & E Europe/Black Sea & E Mediterranean (bre)		1
  – West & South-west Asia/Sub-Saharan Africa		(1)
  Ardeola ralloides paludivaga
  – Sub-Saharan Africa & Madagascar			(1)
  Ardeola idae
  – Madagascar & Aldabra/Central & Eastern Africa	1b 1c
  Ardeola rufiventris
  – Tropical Eastern & Southern Africa		(1)
  Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax
  – Sub-Saharan Africa & Madagascar			1
  – W Europe, NW Africa (bre)	3c
  – C & E Europe/Black Sea & E Mediterranean (bre)		2c
  – Western Asia/SW Asia & NE Africa		(1)
  Ixobrychus minutus minutus
  W Europe, NW Africa/Subsaharan Africa	2
  C & E Europe, Black Sea & E Mediterranean/Subsaharan Africa		2c
  – West & South-west Asia/Sub-Saharan Africa		(1)
  Ixobrychus minutus payesii
  – Sub-Saharan Africa		(1)
  Ixobrychus sturmii
  – Sub-Saharan Africa		(1)
  Botaurus stellaris stellaris
  W Europe, NW Africa (bre)	1c
  C & E Europe, Black Sea & E Mediterranean (bre)		2c
  – South-west Asia (win)		1
  Botaurus stellaris capensis
  – Southern Africa	1c
  CICONIIDAE
  Mycteria ibis
  – Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding Madagascar)		1
  Anastomus lamelligerus lamelligerus
  – Sub-Saharan Africa			1
  Ciconia nigra
  – Southern Africa	1c
  – South-west Europe/West Africa	1c
  – Central & Eastern Europe/Sub-Saharan Africa	2
  Ciconia abdimii
  – Sub-Saharan Africa & SW Arabia		(2c)
  Ciconia episcopus microscelis
  – Sub-Saharan Africa		(1)
  Ciconia ciconia ciconia
  – Southern Africa	1c
  – Iberia & North-west Africa/Sub-Saharan Africa	3b
  – Central & Eastern Europe/Sub-Saharan Africa			1
  – Western Asia/South-west Asia	2
  Leptoptilos crumeniferus
  – Sub-Saharan Africa			1
  BALAENICIPITIDAE
  Balaeniceps rex
  – Central Tropical Africa	1c
  THRESKIORNITHIDAE
  Plegadis falcinellus falcinellus
  – Sub-Saharan Africa (bre)			1
  – Black Sea & Mediterranean/West Africa	3c
  – South-west Asia/Eastern Africa		(1)
  Geronticus eremita
  – Morocco	1a 1b 1c
  – South-west Asia	1a 1b 1c
  Threskiornis aethiopicus aethiopicus
  – Sub-Saharan Africa			1
  – Iraq & Iran	1c
  Platalea leucorodia leucorodia
  – West Europe/West Mediterranean & West Africa	2
  – Cent. & SE Europe/Mediterranean & Tropical Africa	2
  Platalea leucorodia archeri
  – Red Sea & Somalia	1c
  Platalea leucorodia balsaci
  – Coastal West Africa (Mauritania)	1c
  Platalea leucorodia major
  – Western Asia/South-west & South Asia	2
  Platalea alba
  – Sub-Saharan Africa		1
  PHOENICOPTERIDAE
  Phoenicopterus roseus
  – West Africa	3a
  – Eastern Africa	3a
  – Southern Africa (to Madagascar)	3a
  – West Mediterranean		2a
  – East Mediterranean	3a
  – South-west & South Asia		2a
  Phoeniconaias minor
  – West Africa	2
  – Eastern Africa		2a 2c
  – Southern Africa (to Madagascar)	3a
  ANATIDAE
  Dendrocygna bicolor
  – West Africa (Senegal to Chad)		1
  – Eastern & Southern Africa			(1)
  Dendrocygna viduata
  – West Africa (Senegal to Chad)			1
  – Eastern & Southern Africa			1
  Thalassornis leuconotus leuconotus
  – West Africa	1c
  – Eastern & Southern Africa	2*
  Oxyura leucocephala
  – West Mediterranean (Spain & Morocco)	1a 1b 1c
  – Algeria & Tunisia	1a 1b 1c
  – East Mediterranean, Turkey & South-west Asia	1a 1b 1c
  Oxyura maccoa
  – Eastern Africa	1c
  – Southern Africa	1c
  Cygnus olor
  – North-west Mainland & Central Europe			1
  – Black Sea		1
  – West & Central Asia/Caspian		2a 2d
  Cygnus cygnus
  – Iceland/UK & Ireland	2
  – North-west Mainland Europe		1
  – N Europe & W Siberia/Black Sea & E Mediterranean	2
  – West & Central Siberia/Caspian	2
  Cygnus columbianus bewickii
  – Western Siberia & NE Europe/North-west Europe	2
  – Northern Siberia/Caspian	1c
  Anser brachyrhynchus
  – East Greenland & Iceland/UK		2a
  – Svalbard/North-west Europe		1
  Anser fabalis fabalis
  – North-east Europe/North-west Europe		1
  Anser fabalis rossicus
  – West & Central Siberia/NE & SW Europe			(1)
  Anser fabalis johanseni
  – West & Central Siberia/Turkmenistan to W China			(1)
  Anser albifrons albifrons
  – NW Siberia & NE Europe/North-west Europe			1
  – Western Siberia/Central Europe	3c*
  – Western Siberia/Black Sea & Turkey			1
  – Northern Siberia/Caspian & Iraq	2
  Anser albifrons flavirostris
  – Greenland/Ireland & UK	2*
  Anser erythropus
  – N Europe & W Siberia/Black Sea & Caspian	1a 1b 2
  Anser anser anser
  – Iceland/UK & Ireland		1
  – NW Europe/South-west Europe			1
  – Central Europe/North Africa		1
  Anser anser rubrirostris
  – Black Sea & Turkey		1
  – Western Siberia/Caspian & Iraq			1
  Branta leucopsis
  – East Greenland/Scotland & Ireland		1
  – Svalbard/South-west Scotland		1
  – Russia/Germany & Netherlands			1
  Branta bernicla bernicla
  – Western Siberia/Western Europe		2b 2c
  Branta bernicla hrota
  – Svalbard/Denmark & UK	1c
  – Canada & Greenland/Ireland	2
  Branta ruficollis
  – Northern Siberia/Black Sea & Caspian	1a 1b 3a 3c
  Alopochen aegyptiacus
  – West Africa	1c
  – Eastern & Southern Africa			1
  Tadorna ferruginea
  – North-west Africa	1c
  – East Mediterranean & Black Sea/North-east Africa	2
  – Western Asia & Caspian/Iran & Iraq		1
  Tadorna cana
  – Southern Africa		1
  Tadorna tadorna
  – North-west Europe		2a
  – Black Sea & Mediterranean	3c
  – Western Asia/Caspian & Middle East		1
  Plectropterus gambensis gambensis
  – West Africa		1
  – Eastern Africa (Sudan to Zambia)			1
  Plectropterus gambensis niger
  – Southern Africa		1
  Sarkidiornis melanotos melanotos
  – West Africa		1
  – Southern & Eastern Africa			1
  Nettapus auritus
  – West Africa	1c
  – Southern & Eastern Africa			(1)
  Anas capensis
  – Eastern Africa (Rift Valley)	1c
  – Lake Chad basin^2	1c
  – Southern Africa (N to Angola & Zambia)			1
  Anas strepera strepera
  – North-west Europe		1
  – North-east Europe/Black Sea & Mediterranean		2c
  – Western Siberia/SW Asia & NE Africa			(1)
  Anas penelope
  – Western Siberia & NE Europe/NW Europe			1
  – W Siberia & NE Europe/Black Sea & Mediterranean		2c
  – Western Siberia/SW Asia & NE Africa		2c
  Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos
  – North-west Europe			1
  – Northern Europe/West Mediterranean			1
  – Eastern Europe/Black Sea & East Mediterranean			1
  – Western Siberia/South-west Asia			(1)
  Anas undulata undulata
  – Southern Africa			1
  Anas clypeata
  – North-west & Central Europe (win)		1
  – W Siberia, NE & E Europe/S Europe & West Africa		2c
  – W Siberia/SW Asia, NE & Eastern Africa		2c
  Anas erythrorhyncha
  – Southern Africa			1
  – Eastern Africa			1
  – Madagascar	2
  Anas acuta
  – North-west Europe		1
  – W Siberia, NE & E Europe/S Europe & West Africa		2c
  – Western Siberia/SW Asia & Eastern Africa			(1)
  Anas querquedula
  – Western Siberia & Europe/West Africa		2c
  – Western Siberia/SW Asia, NE & Eastern Africa			(1)
  Anas crecca crecca
  – North-west Europe			1
  – W Siberia & NE Europe/Black Sea & Mediterranean			1
  – Western Siberia/SW Asia & NE Africa		2c
  Anas hottentota
  – Lake Chad Basin	1c
  – Eastern Africa (south to N Zambia)		1
  – Southern Africa (north to S Zambia)		1
  Marmaronetta angustirostris
  – West Mediterranean/West Medit. & West Africa	1a 1b 1c
  – East Mediterranean	1a 1b 1c
  – South-west Asia	1a 1b 2
  Netta rufina
  – South-west & Central Europe/West Mediterranean		1
  – Black Sea & East Mediterranean	3c
  – Western & Central Asia/South-west Asia			1
  Netta erythrophthalma brunnea
  – Southern & Eastern Africa		1
  Aythya ferina
  – North-east Europe/North-west Europe			1
  – Central & NE Europe/Black Sea & Mediterranean			1
  – Western Siberia/South-west Asia		2c
  Aythya nyroca
  – West Mediterranean/North & West Africa	1a 1c
  – Eastern Europe/E Mediterranean & Sahelian Africa	1a 3c
  – Western Asia/SW Asia & NE Africa	1a 3c
  Aythya fuligula
  – North-west Europe (win)			1
  – Central Europe, Black Sea & Mediterranean (win)			1
  – Western Siberia/SW Asia & NE Africa			(1)
  Aythya marila marila
  – Northern Europe/Western Europe			1
  – Western Siberia/Black Sea & Caspian			1
  Somateria mollissima mollissima
  – Baltic, Denmark & Netherlands		2d
  – Norway & Russia			1
  Somateria mollissima borealis
  – Svalbard & Franz Joseph (bre)		1
  Somateria spectabilis
  – East Greenland, NE Europe & Western Siberia			1
  Polysticta stelleri
  – Western Siberia/North-east Europe	1a 2
  Clangula hyemalis
  – Iceland & Greenland			1
  – Western Siberia/North Europe			1
  Melanitta nigra nigra
  – W Siberia & N Europe/W Europe & NW Africa		2a
  Melanitta fusca fusca
  – Western Siberia & Northern Europe/NW Europe		2a
  – Black Sea & Caspian	1c
  Bucephala clangula clangula
  – North-west & Central Europe (win)			1
  – North-east Europe/Adriatic			1
  – Western Siberia & North-east Europe/Black Sea		1
  – Western Siberia/Caspian			1
  Mergellus albellus
  – North-west & Central Europe (win)	3a
  – North-east Europe/Black Sea & East Mediterranean		1
  – Western Siberia/South-west Asia		1
  Mergus serrator serrator
  – North-west & Central Europe (win)			1
  – North-east Europe/Black Sea & Mediterranean		1
  – Western Siberia/South-west & Central Asia	1c
  Mergus merganser merganser
  – North-west & Central Europe (win)			1
  – North-east Europe/Black Sea	1c
  – Western Siberia/Caspian	2
  GRUIDAE
  Balearica pavonina pavonina
  – West Africa (Senegal to Chad)	2
  Balearica pavonina ceciliae
  – Eastern Africa (Sudan to Uganda)	3c
  Balearica regulorum regulorum
  – Southern Africa (N to Angola & S Zimbabwe)	1c
  Balearica regulorum gibbericeps
  – Eastern Africa (Kenya to Mozambique)	3c
  Grus leucogeranus
  – Iran (win)	1a 1b 1c
  Grus virgo
  – Black Sea (Ukraine)/North-east Africa	1c
  – Turkey (bre)	1c
  – Kalmykia/North-east Africa		1
  Grus paradisea
  – Extreme Southern Africa	1b	1
  Grus carunculatus
  – Central & Southern Africa	1b 1c
  Grus grus
  – North-west Europe/Iberia & Morocco			1
  – North-east & Central Europe/North Africa		1
  – Eastern Europe/Turkey, Middle East & NE Africa	3c
  – Turkey & Georgia (bre)	1c
  – Western Siberia/South Asia		(1)
  RALLIDAE
  Sarothrura elegans elegans
  – NE, Eastern & Southern Africa			(1)
  Sarothrura elegans reichenovi
  – S West Africa to Central Africa			(1)
  Sarothrura boehmi
  – Central Africa	1c
  Sarothrura ayresi
  – Ethiopia	1a 1b 1c
  – Southern Africa	1a 1b 1c
  Rallus aquaticus aquaticus
  – Europe & North Africa		2c
  Rallus aquaticus korejewi
  – Western Siberia/South-west Asia			(1)
  Rallus caerulescens
  – Southern & Eastern Africa			(1)
  Crecopsis egregia
  – Sub-Saharan Africa			(1)
  Crex crex
  – Europe & Western Asia/Sub-Saharan Africa	1b	2c
  Amaurornis flavirostris
  – Sub-Saharan Africa			1
  Porzana parva parva
  – Western Eurasia/Africa		2c
  Porzana pusilla intermedia
  – Europe (bre)	1c
  Porzana porzana
  – Europe/Africa		2d
  Aenigmatolimnas marginalis
  – Sub-Saharan Africa	(2)
  Porphyrio alleni
  – Sub-Saharan Africa			(1)
  Gallinula chloropus chloropus
  – Europe & North Africa			1
  – West & South-west Asia			(1)
  Gallinula angulata
  – Sub-Saharan Africa			(1)
  Fulica cristata
  – Sub-Saharan Africa			1
  – Spain & Morocco	1c
  Fulica atra atra
  – North-west Europe (win)			1
  – Black Sea & Mediterranean (win)			1
  – South-west Asia (win)			(1)
  DROMADIDAE
  Dromas ardeola
  – North-west Indian Ocean, Red Sea & Gulf	3a
  HAEMATOPODIDAE
  Haematopus ostralegus ostralegus
  – Europe/South & West Europe & NW Africa			1
  Haematopus ostralegus longipes
  – SE Eur & W Asia/SW Asia & NE Africa		2c
  Haematopus moquini
  – Coastal Southern Africa	1c
  RECURVIROSTRIDAE
  Himantopus himantopus himantopus
  – Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding south)			(1)
  – Southern Africa (“meridionalis”)	2
  – SW Europe & North-west Africa/West Africa		1
  – Central Europe & E Mediterranean/N-Central Africa		1
  – W, C & SW Asia/SW Asia & NE Africa		(1)
  Recurvirostra avosetta
  – Southern Africa	2
  – Eastern Africa		(1)
  – Western Europe & North-west Africa (bre)		1
  – South-east Europe, Black Sea & Turkey (bre)	(3c)
  – West & South-west Asia/Eastern Africa	2
  BURHINIDAE
  Burhinus senegalensis senegalensis
  – West Africa	(2)
  Burhinus senegalensis inornatus
  – North-east & Eastern Africa	(2)
  GLAREOLIDAE
  Pluvianus aegyptius aegyptius
  – West Africa		(1)
  – Eastern Africa	(2)
  – Lower Congo Basin	2
  Glareola pratincola pratincola
  – Western Europe & NW Africa/West Africa	2
  – Black Sea & E Mediterranean/Eastern Sahel zone	2
  – SW Asia/SW Asia & NE Africa		(1)
  Glareola nordmanni
  – SE Europe & Western Asia/Southern Africa		2b 2c
  Glareola ocularis
  – Madagascar/East Africa	1c
  Glareola nuchalis nuchalis
  – Eastern & Central Africa		(1)
  Glareola nuchalis liberiae
  – West Africa			1
  Glareola cinerea cinerea
  – SE West Africa & Central Africa	(2)
  CHARADRIIDAE
  Pluvialis apricaria apricaria
  – Britain, Ireland, Denmark, Germany & Baltic (bre)		2c
  Pluvialis apricaria altifrons
  – Iceland & Faroes/East Atlantic coast			1
  – Northern Europe/Western Europe & NW Africa			1
  – Northern Siberia/Caspian & Asia Minor		(1)
  Pluvialis fulva
  – North-central Siberia/South & SW Asia, NE Africa		(1)
  Pluvialis squatarola
  – W Siberia & Canada/W Europe & W Africa			1
  – C & E Siberia/SW Asia, Eastern & Southern Africa		1
  Charadrius hiaticula hiaticula
  – Northern Europe/Europe & North Africa		1
  Charadrius hiaticula psammodroma
  – Canada, Greenland & Iceland/W & S Africa		(2c)
  Charadrius hiaticula tundrae
  – NE Europe & Siberia/SW Asia, E & S Africa			(1)
  Charadrius dubius curonicus
  – Europe & North-west Africa/West Africa			1
  – West & South-west Asia/Eastern Africa			(1)
  Charadrius pecuarius pecuarius
  – Southern & Eastern Africa			(1)
  – West Africa		(1)
  Charadrius tricollaris tricollaris
  – Southern & Eastern Africa			1
  Charadrius forbesi
  – Western & Central Africa		(1)
  Charadrius pallidus pallidus
  – Southern Africa	2
  Charadrius pallidus venustus
  – Eastern Africa	1c
  Charadrius alexandrinus alexandrinus
  – West Europe & West Mediterranean/West Africa	3c
  – Black Sea & East Mediterranean/Eastern Sahel	3c
  – SW & Central Asia/SW Asia & NE Africa		(1)
  Charadrius marginatus mechowi
  – mechowi/tenellus Inland East & Central Africa	2
  – Coastal E Africa	2
  – West Africa	2
  Charadrius mongolus pamirensis
  – West-central Asia/SW Asia & Eastern Africa			1
  Charadrius leschenaultii columbinus
  – Turkey & SW Asia/E. Mediterranean & Red Sea	1c
  Charadrius leschenaultii crassirostris
  – Caspian & SW Asia/Arabia & NE Africa		(1)
  Charadrius leschenaultii leschenaultii
  – Central Asia/Eastern & Southern Africa		(1)
  Charadrius asiaticus
  – SE Europe & West Asia/E & South-central Africa	3c
  Eudromias morinellus
  – Europe/North-west Africa	(3c)
  – Asia/Middle East		(1)
  Vanellus vanellus
  – Europe/Europe & North Africa		2c
  – Western Asia/South-west Asia			(1)
  Vanellus spinosus
  – Black Sea & Mediterranean (bre)		1
  Vanellus albiceps
  – West & Central Africa		(1)
  Vanellus senegallus senegallus
  – West Africa		(1)
  Vanellus senegallus solitaneus
  – South-west Africa		(1)
  Vanellus senegallus lateralis
  – Eastern & South-east Africa		1
  Vanellus lugubris
  – Southern West Africa	2
  – Central & Eastern Africa	3c
  Vanellus melanopterus minor
  – Southern Africa	1c
  Vanellus coronatus coronatus
  – Eastern & Southern Africa			1
  – Central Africa	(2)
  Vanellus coronatus xerophilus
  – South-west Africa		(1)
  Vanellus superciliosus
  – West & Central Africa	(2)
  Vanellus gregarius
  – SE Europe & Western Asia/North-east Africa	1a 1b 2
  – Central Asian Republics/NW India	1a 1b 1c
  Vanellus leucurus
  – SW Asia/SW Asia & North-east Africa	2
  – Central Asian Republics/South Asia		(1)
  SCOLOPACIDAE
  Scolopax rusticola
  – Europe/South & West Europe & North Africa			1
  – Western Siberia/South-west Asia (Caspian)			(1)
  Gallinago stenura
  – Northern Siberia/South Asia & Eastern Africa			(1)
  Gallinago media
  – Scandinavia/probably West Africa		1
  – Western Siberia & NE Europe/South-east Africa		2c
  Gallinago gallinago gallinago
  – Europe/South & West Europe & NW Africa		2c
  – Western Siberia/South-west Asia & Africa			1
  Gallinago gallinago faeroeensis
  – Iceland, Faroes & Northern Scotland/Ireland			1
  Lymnocryptes minimus
  – Northern Europe/S & W Europe & West Africa		2b
  – Western Siberia/SW Asia & NE Africa			1
  Limosa limosa limosa
  – Western Europe/NW & West Africa		2c
  – Eastern Europe/Central & Eastern Africa		2c
  – West-central Asia/SW Asia & Eastern Africa		(1)
  Limosa limosa islandica
  – Iceland/Western Europe	3a*
  Limosa lapponica lapponica
  – Northern Europe/Western Europe		2a
  Limosa lapponica taymyrensis
  – Western Siberia/West & South-west Africa		2a 2c
  Limosa lapponica menzbieri
  – Central Siberia/South & SW Asia & Eastern Africa			(1)
  Numenius phaeopus phaeopus
  – Northern Europe/West Africa			(1)
  – West Siberia/Southern & Eastern Africa			(1)
  Numenius phaeopus islandicus
  – Iceland, Faroes & Scotland/West Africa			1
  Numenius phaeopus alboaxillaris
  – South-west Asia/Eastern Africa	1c
  Numenius tenuirostris
  – Central Siberia/Mediterranean & SW Asia	1a 1b 1c
  Numenius arquata arquata
  – Europe/Europe, North & West Africa			1
  Numenius arquata orientalis
  – Western Siberia/SW Asia, E & S Africa	3c
  Numenius arquata suschkini
  – South-east Europe & South-west Asia (bre)	2
  Tringa erythropus
  – N Europe/Southern Europe, North & West Africa			(1)
  – Western Siberia/SW Asia, NE & Eastern Africa		(1)
  Tringa totanus totanus
  Northern Europe (breeding)			1
  Central & East Europe (breeding)		2c
  Tringa totanus britannica
  – Britain & Ireland/Britain, Ireland, France		2c
  Tringa totanus ussuriensis
  – Western Asia/SW Asia, NE & Eastern Africa			(1)
  Tringa totanus robusta
  – Iceland & Faroes/Western Europe			1
  Tringa stagnatilis
  – Eastern Europe/West & Central Africa		(1)
  – Western Asia/SW Asia, Eastern & Southern Africa		(1)
  Tringa nebularia
  – Northern Europe/SW Europe, NW & West Africa			1
  – Western Siberia/SW Asia, E & S Africa			(1)
  Tringa ochropus
  – Northern Europe/S & W Europe, West Africa			1
  – Western Siberia/SW Asia, NE & Eastern Africa			(1)
  Tringa glareola
  – North-west Europe/West Africa			1
  – NE Europe & W Siberia/Eastern & Southern Africa			(1)
  Tringa cinerea
  – NE Europe & W Siberia/SW Asia, E & S Africa			1
  Tringa hypoleucos
  – West & Central Europe/West Africa			1
  – E Europe & W Siberia/Central, E & S Africa			(1)
  Arenaria interpres interpres
  – NE Canada & Greenland/W Europe & NW Africa		1
  – Northern Europe/West Africa			1
  – West & Central Siberia/SW Asia, E & S Africa			(1)
  Calidris tenuirostris
  – Eastern Siberia/SW Asia & W Southern Asia	1c
  Calidris canutus canutus
  – Northern Siberia/West & Southern Africa		2a 2c
  Calidris canutus islandica
  – NE Canada & Greenland/Western Europe		2a 2c
  Calidris alba
  – East Atlantic Europe, West & Southern Africa (win)			1
  – South-west Asia, Eastern & Southern Africa (win)			1
  Calidris minuta
  – N Europe/S Europe, North & West Africa		(2c)
  – Western Siberia/SW Asia, E & S Africa			(1)
  Calidris temminckii
  – Fennoscandia/North & West Africa		(1)
  – NE Europe & W Siberia/SW Asia & Eastern Africa			(1)
  Calidris maritima maritima
  N Europe & W Siberia (breeding)		1
  NE Canada & N Greenland (breeding)	3c
  Calidris alpina alpina
  – NE Europe & NW Siberia/W Europe & NW Africa			1
  Calidris alpina centralis
  – Central Siberia/SW Asia & NE Africa			(1)
  Calidris alpina schinzii
  – Iceland & Greenland/NW and West Africa			1
  – Britain & Ireland/SW Europe & NW Africa	2
  – Baltic/SW Europe & NW Africa	1c
  Calidris alpina arctica
  – NE Greenland/West Africa	3a
  Calidris ferruginea
  – Western Siberia/West Africa			1
  – Central Siberia/SW Asia, E & S Africa			1
  Limicola falcinellus falcinellus
  – Northern Europe/SW Asia & Africa	3c
  Philomachus pugnax
  – Northern Europe & Western Siberia/West Africa		2c
  – Northern Siberia/SW Asia, E & S Africa		(2c)
  Phalaropus lobatus
  – Western Eurasia/Arabian Sea			1
  Phalaropus fulicarius
  – Canada & Greenland/Atlantic coast of Africa		2c
  STERCORARIIDAE
  Catharacta skua		1
  Stercorarius longicaudus longicaudus			1
  LARIDAE
  Larus leucophthalmus
  – Red Sea & nearby coasts	1a	1
  Larus hemprichii
  – Red Sea, Gulf, Arabia & Eastern Africa		2a
  Larus canus canus
  – NW & Cent. Europe/Atlantic coast & Mediterranean		2c
  Larus canus heinei
  – NE Europe & Western Siberia/Black Sea & Caspian			1
  Larus audouinii
  – Mediterranean/N & W coasts of Africa	1a3a
  Larus marinus
  – North & West Europe			1
  Larus dominicanus vetula
  – Coastal Southern Africa		1
  Larus hyperboreus hyperboreus
  – Svalbard & N Russia (bre)			(1)
  Larus hyperboreus leuceretes
  – Canada, Greenland & Iceland (bre)			(1)
  Larus glaucoides glaucoides
  – Greenland/Iceland & North-west Europe			1
  Larus argentatus argentatus
  – North & North-west Europe			1
  Larus argentatus argenteus
  – Iceland & Western Europe		2c
  Larus heuglini
  – NE Europe & W Siberia/SW Asia & NE Africa			(1)
  Larus (heuglini) barabensis
  – South-west Siberia/South-west Asia			(1)
  Larus armenicus
  – Armenia, Eastern Turkey & NW Iran	3a
  Larus cachinnans cachinnans
  – Black Sea & Western Asia/SW Asia, NE Africa			1
  Larus cachinnans michahellis
  – Mediterranean, Iberia & Morocco			1
  Larus fuscus fuscus
  – NE Europe/Black Sea, SW Asia & Eastern Africa		(2c)
  Larus fuscus graellsii
  – Western Europe/Mediterranean & West Africa			1
  Larus fuscus intermedius
  – S Scandinavia, Netherlands, Ebro Delta, Spain			1
  Larus ichthyaetus
  – Black Sea & Caspian/South-west Asia	3a
  Larus cirrocephalus poiocephalus
  – West Africa		(1)
  – Central & Eastern Africa			(1)
  – Coastal Southern Africa (excluding Madagascar)		(1)
  Larus hartlaubii
  – Coastal South-west Africa		1
  Larus ridibundus
  – W Europe/W Europe, W Mediterranean, West Africa		2c
  – East Europe/Black Sea & East Mediterranean			1
  – West Asia/SW Asia & NE Africa			(1)
  Larus genei
  – West Africa (bre)	2
  – Black Sea & Mediterranean (bre)		2a
  – West, South-west & South Asia (bre)		2a
  Larus melanocephalus
  – W Europe, Mediterranean & NW Africa		2a
  Larus minutus
  – Central & E Europe/SW Europe & W Mediterranean			1
  – W Asia/E Mediterranean, Black Sea & Caspian		(1)
  Xema sabini sabini
  – Canada & Greenland/SE Atlantic			(1)
  Rissa tridactyla tridactyla