Staatscourant van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden
Datum publicatie | Organisatie | Jaargang en nummer | Rubriek |
---|---|---|---|
Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu | Staatscourant 2011, 20938 | Ontheffingen |
Zoals vergunningen, bouwplannen en lokale regelgeving.
Adressen en contactpersonen van overheidsorganisaties.
U bent hier:
Datum publicatie | Organisatie | Jaargang en nummer | Rubriek |
---|---|---|---|
Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu | Staatscourant 2011, 20938 | Ontheffingen |
14 november 2011
Nr. IENM/IVW-2011/8479-305
De Staatssecretaris van Infrastructuur en Milieu,
Handelende in overeenstemming met de Minister van Defensie;
Gelezen het verzoek van Ampyx Power B.V. van 29 augustus 2011; Contactpersoon dhr R. Ruiterkamp; adres: Lulofsstraat 55–28, 2521 AL Den Haag;
Gelet op:
– artikel 2.1, vierde lid, van de Wet luchtvaart;
– artikel 3.21, eerste lid, van de Wet luchtvaart;
– artikel 8 van het Luchtverkeersreglement;
Besluit:
1. De hierna genoemde testvliegers van Ampyx Power B.V. wordt ontheffing verleend van het verbod in artikel 2.1, eerste lid, van de Wet luchtvaart, voor het maken van testvluchten met het lichte onbemande zweefvliegtuig PowerPlane Experimental, zonder in het bezit te zijn van een geldig bewijs van bevoegdheid:
a. R. Ruiterkamp-Beneder (geboren 18 september 1972 te Utrecht);
b. S. Sierberling (geboren 8 mei 1983).
2. Ingevolge artikel 3.21, eerste lid, van de Wet luchtvaart wordt aan Ampyx Power B.V. ontheffing verleend van het verbod in artikel 3.8 van de Wet luchtvaart als exploitant voor het maken van testvluchten met het lichte onbemande zweefvliegtuig PowerPlane Experimental, zonder dat het luchtvaartuig is voorzien van een geldig bewijs van luchtwaardigheid, bewijs van inschrijving en nationaliteits- en inschrijvingskenmerken.
1. Aan de ontheffing worden de in bijlage 1 opgenomen voorschriften en beperkingen verbonden.
2. Het terrein waarvan wordt gestart en waarop wordt geland met het UAS moet voldoen aan de eisen in artikel 33 van de Regeling veilig gebruik luchthavens en andere terreinen (zie www.overheid.nl). Ingevolge de Regeling Burgerluchthavens en Militaire Luchthavens en de gewijzigde Wet luchtvaart is een Regeling (voor permanent gebruik) of ‘ontheffing tijdelijk en uitzonderlijk gebruik’ nodig van de provincie. Deze vergunningen moeten door Ampyx Power B.V. zelf worden aangevraagd bij de desbetreffende provincie(s).
De Staatssecretaris van Infrastructuur en Milieu,
voor deze:
de Senior Adviseur IVW/Luchtvaart,
A.E. Schurink-v.d. Klugt.
Bezwaarclausule
Indien u het niet eens bent met deze beslissing kunt u hiertegen, op grond van het bepaalde in de Algemene wet bestuursrecht, binnen zes weken na datum waarop deze beslissing is verzonden schriftelijk bezwaar aantekenen.
Het bezwaarschrift moet worden ondertekend en moet ten minste bevatten:
– de naam en het adres van de indiener;
– de dagtekening;
– een omschrijving van het besluit waartegen het bezwaar is gericht;
– de gronden van het bezwaar.
Het bezwaarschrift kunt u richten aan:
Inspectie Verkeer en Waterstaat
Toezicht Beheereenheid
Unit Juridische Zaken
Postbus 90653
2509 LR DEN HAAG
Het besturingsstation waarmee het onbemande luchtvaartuig op afstand wordt bediend en dat fysiek niet verbonden is met het onbemande luchtvaartuig.
De ontheffing is beperkt tot testvluchten in het geactiveerde BVG Kraggenburg
Het gaat om testvluchten,
• die niet boven personen, constructies, gebouwen, vaartuigen of voertuigen plaatsvinden,
• waarbij de horizontale afstand tussen het onbemande luchtvaartuig en personen, constructies, gebouwen, vaartuigen en voertuigen ten minste 50 meter bedraagt en
• waarbij het luchtvaartuig binnen het gezichtsveld/Visual Line of Site (hierna te noemen: VLOS) van de piloot blijft.
VLOS wil in ieder geval zeggen wanneer de afstand van het luchtvaartuig tot de piloot, die het externe besturingsstation bedient, maximaal 500 meter en de vlieghoogte maximaal 120 m boven het aardoppervlak (400 ft AGL) bedraagt.
Het lichte onbemande luchtvaartuig heeft een maximale snelheid van 70 knopen.
De exploitant garandeert dat de vluchtuitvoering binnen het gezichtsveld plaatsvindt. Bij het bepalen van de maximale afstand tussen het lichte onbemande luchtvaartuig en het externe besturingsstation houdt de exploitant in ieder geval rekening met het formaat van het onbemande luchtvaartuig en de weersomstandigheden ten tijde van de vluchtuitvoering.
De afstand tussen het lichte onbemande luchtvaartuig en het externe besturingsstation waarbij het lichte onbemande luchtvaartuig en het omringende gebied op de grond en het luchtruim duidelijk door het menselijk oog kunnen worden waargenomen, zonder dat gebruik wordt gemaakt van bijzondere visus versterkende hulpmiddelen, anders dan een standaard bril of contactlenzen. Binnen gezichtsveld wil in ieder geval zeggen dat de afstand van het onbemande luchtvaartuig tot het externe besturingsstation maximaal 500 meter bedraagt.
De exploitant stelt een operationeel handboek vast op basis waarvan iedere vlucht wordt uitgevoerd.
Manuele besturing
Ingeval er geen sprake is van manuele besturing van het onbemande luchtvaartuig, zorgt de exploitant er voor dat het onbemande luchtvaartuig altijd wanneer dat nodig zou zijn manueel bestuurd kan worden.
Gezagvoerder
De exploitant wijst voor de desbetreffende vlucht een gezagvoerder aan die het onbemande luchtvaartuig bedient met het extern besturingsstation en onder wiens verantwoordelijk de UAS vlucht wordt uitgevoerd.
Voor de vlucht neemt de gezagvoerder kennis van alle gegevens en inlichtingen die voor de uitvoering van de vlucht van belang kunnen zijn.1
Observant
De exploitant wijst naast de gezagvoerder voor de desbetreffende vlucht een observant aan. Het is de taak van de observant om de gezagvoerder te voorzien van informatie over de omgeving en de daarmee samenhangende botsingsrisico’s en zonodig daaromtrent instructies te geven.
a. Een bedrijf dat of organisatie die vluchten uitvoert met lichte UAS is verzekerd van aansprakelijkheid bij ongevallen al dan niet resulterend in schade of letsel ten aanzien van derden.
b. Het bedrijf of de organisatie voldoet ten minste aan de verzekeringseisen zoals deze zijn vastgelegd in Verordening (EG) nr. 785/2004 van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 21 april 2004, betreffende de verzekeringseisen voor luchtvervoerders en exploitanten van luchtvaartuigen.
De exploitant stelt voor iedere vlucht ten minste één veilige positie voor het onbemande luchtvaartuig vast voor die gevallen, waarbij de communicatie tussen het onbemande luchtvaartuig en het extern besturingsstation verbroken wordt.
De exploitant stelt voor iedere vlucht een plan vast waaruit in ieder geval volgt dat de risico’s worden gemitigeerd van een mogelijke botsing met overig luchtverkeer dan wel personen en gebouwen op de grond.
1. De exploitant meldt voorvallen en ernstige incidenten binnen 72 uur aan het Analyse Bureau Luchtvaartvoorvallen van de Inspectie Verkeer en Waterstaat, ingevolge de Regeling melding voorvallen in de burgerluchtvaart. Zie www.ivw.nl onder ‘luchtvaart voorval melden’ en www.ais-netherlands.nl voor AIC-B 02/10.
2. Ongevallen (=met gewonde(n) of dode(n)) moeten (na de hulpverleningsoproep) direct worden gemeld aan
a. het OVV via 0800 MELDOVV of 0800 6353 688, en
b. de crisiscoördinator van IVW 070 456 3434
3. De exploitant registreert ook alle incidenten (inclusief risicovolle situaties die goed afliepen) in het kader van het eigen veiligheidsmanagement.
Ingevolge artikel 35, derde lid, van de Regeling veilig gebruik luchthavens en andere terreinen meldt de houder van de ontheffing ten minste 24 uur voor de dag dat het terrein zal worden gebruikt dit voornemen schriftelijk of per e-mail aan de minister en de burgemeester van de gemeente waarin het betreffende terrein ligt. De melding aan de minister kan worden gedaan door het sturen van een e-mail aan meldingtug@ivw.nl
UAS vluchtuitvoering vindt uitsluitend plaats gedurende de daglichtperiode, genoemd in artikel 1 van het Luchtverkeersreglement en gepubliceerd in de luchtvaartgids.(zie www.ais-netherlands.nl onder GEN 2.7)
De vluchten worden uitgevoerd binnen het geactiveerde BVG Kraggenburg onder algemene en zichtvliegvoorschriften2 en uitsluitend binnen luchtruim met de klasse G.
De vlucht wordt uitgevoerd op zodanige hoogte dat het altijd mogelijk is een noodlanding uit te voeren zonder personen of zaken op het aardoppervlak in gevaar te brengen, maar niet hoger dan 120 meter boven de grond of het water (400 ft AGL);
De maximum hoogte van 400 ft. AGL mag worden overschreden en er mag worden gevlogen in luchtruim met de klasse E of D in een bijzonder luchtverkeersgebied wanneer dat voor dit doel is ingesteld op basis van artikel 5.10 Wet luchtvaart of artikel 8 Luchtverkeersreglement.
De vlucht wordt slechts uitgevoerd onder omstandigheden en op locaties waarbij de bestuurder vanaf de grond tijdens de gehele vlucht goed zicht heeft op het lichte onbemande luchtvaartuig en het luchtruim daaromheen of ten minste een reëel beeld heeft van de positie van het luchtvaartuig en de omgeving zodat de bestuurder zo nodig tijdig een uitwijkmanoeuvre kan uitvoeren, zonder dat daarbij hulpmiddelen hoeven te worden gebruikt met uitzondering van een bril of contactlenzen of de afstand van 500 meter wordt overschreden.
De bestuurder of de gezagvoerder moet door het systeem worden voorzien van informatie over de hoogte ten opzichte van grond of water of ten opzichte van het gemiddeld zeeniveau waarop het luchtvaartuig zich bevindt.
Personeel dat gemoeid is met de vluchtvoorbereiding of -uitvoering van het lichte UAS werkt niet met het systeem indien er sprake is van een omstandigheid waarbij vermoeidheid of een gevoel van niet fit zijn een gevaar voor de luchtwaardigheid of de vlucht zou kunnen opleveren.
De exploitant controleert het UAS, onderhoudt het of laat het onderhouden en zo nodig modificeren volgens de aanwijzingen van de fabrikant.
Gelet op artikel 8 van het Luchtverkeersreglement;
Besluit:
Ter bescherming van het luchtverkeer tijdens het uitvoeren van testvluchten met een licht onbemand zweefvliegtuig aan een kabel in de gemeente Noordoostpolder nabij Kraggenburg wordt als bijzonder luchtverkeersgebied aangewezen het gebied (zie figuur 1):
– begrensd door een cirkel met een straal van 1 NM rondom de positie 52°40’46”NB en 005°51’45”OL;
– vanaf de grond tot een hoogte van 300 meter (985 ft AMSL) boven gemiddeld zeeniveau;
– vanaf 15 september 2011 tot 1 maart 2012.
Figuur 1 BVG Kraggenburg
Binnen het bijzondere luchtverkeersgebied gelden de volgende regels:
a. Bij het uitvoeren van vluchten binnen het gebied moet rekening worden gehouden met obstakels in de vorm van een licht onbemand zweefvliegtuigaan een bijbehorende slecht zichtbare kabel l.
b. Het lichte onbemande zweefvliegtuig mag niet hoger vliegen dan 300 m boven gemiddeld zeeniveau en niet in of door de laagste bewolking, inclusief flarden.
c. Het lichte onbemande zweefvliegtuig mag alleen boven de 100 m vliegen wanneer het grondzicht 5 km of meer bedraagt.
d. De organisatie van Ampyx Power B.V. neemt ten minste 30 minuten voor het laten vliegen van het lichte onbemande zweefvliegtuig en direct na het landen ervan contact op met AOCS NM (tel. 0577-45 83 21) en de Zweefvliegclub Noordoostpolder (tel. 0527-20 13 64) en blijft telefonisch bereikbaar met het telefoonnummer 06-21885247 (de Range Safety Officer).
e. Aanwijzingen van KLPD, militaire luchtverkeersleiding of de Inspectie Verkeer en Waterstaat in het kader van de veiligheid van het luchtverkeer, moeten worden nagekomen.
f. Activatie van de BVG wordt minimaal 5 dagen van te voren bekendgemaakt via een NOTAM, uit te geven door AOCS NM op aanvraag van Ampyx Power. Een NOTAM kan het gebied voor meerdere dagen activeren.
Daar het gebruikelijk is in het internationale verkeer om eisen t.a.v. Flight Crew Licensing (FCL) in het Engels te stellen, zijn de FCL voorschriften voor lichte UAS, klasse 1 vanuit het gebruiksgemak en de usance in het Engels gesteld.
Flying Training Organisation or Registered Operator.
The training organisation (TO) or Registered Operator (RO) shall ensure compliance with all relevant UAS requirements as set in this document. The procedures shall include a quality system to readily detect any deficiencies for self-remedial action.
The TO or RO shall be registered by at local Authority according to Appendix 1.
The management structure shall ensure supervision of all grades of staff by persons having the experience and qualities necessary to ensure the maintenance of high standards. Details of the management structure, indicating individual responsibilities, shall be described.
The Head of Training (HT) shall have overall responsibility for ensuring satisfactory integration of flying training, synthetic flight training and theoretical knowledge instruction, and for supervising the progress of individual students. The HT shall have had extensive experience in training as a flight instructor for professional pilot licences and possess a sound managerial capability.
Instructors shall have appropriate experience relevant to the part of the course being conducted.
The TO shall maintain and retain the following records for a period of at least 5 years, using appropriate administrative staff:
(a) details of ground and flying training given to individual students;
(b) detailed and regular progress reports from instructors including assessments, and regular progress flight tests and ground examinations; and
(c) personal information, e.g. expiry dates of medical certificates, ratings, etc.
A training programme shall be developed for each type of course offered. This programme shall include a breakdown of flying and theoretical knowledge instruction in either a week-by-week or phase presentation, a list of standard exercises and a syllabus summary. In particular theoretical knowledge instruction shall be phased in such a manner as to ensure that students shall be able to apply to flying exercises the knowledge gained on the ground.
The UAS shall be suitably equipped for training and testing.
The Training Manuals shall state the standards, objectives and training goals for each phase of training that the students are required to comply with
An applicant for a UAS VLOS Licence shall be at least 18 years of age.
Privileges are to act as pilot of UAS engaged in VLOS operations.
Course; an applicant shall have completed theoretical knowledge instruction according to the learning objective as described in Appendix 5.
An applicant shall have completed a course of flying training. As described in Appendix 2.
An applicant shall have demonstrated the ability to perform as pilot-in-command of an UAS the relevant procedures and with a degree of competency appropriate to the privileges granted. As described in Appendix 3.
• The owner or responsible person in charge of the facility shall make an application for acceptance of registration to the National Aviation Authority (NAA) in which the facility is located.3
• Upon receipt of the application form the NAA will register the facility without formal approval procedure. (Unless it has reason to doubt that the operation can be carried out safely.)
• Any changes to the information entered on this form shall be communicated to the Authority. (Eg. Names of UAS crew)
• Registration has to be revalidated every year. For revalidation the operator has to provide the NAA a report of activities carried out during the previous period.
• Registration can be revoke by the Authority when it is establishes that the operation is not being carried out safely and/or not in compliance with regulations.
• Completion of registration form:
○ Name, address, website and e-mail address under which the facility operates.
○ Name of Owner(s), address, and e-mail;
○ Date of intended commencement of operations;
○ Name, address, e-mail and telephone number of postholders;
○ Type of operation to be conducted by the facility;
○ Details of aircraft insurance held;
○ Any additional information the Authority may require;
○ A declaration below by the applicant that the information provided above is correct and that operation will be conducted in accordance with the operations manual.
• List of UAS to be used.
• List of crew names.
The aim of the UAS VLOS Licence course is to train applicants to the level of proficiency necessary to exercises his privileges granted safely
The course shall comprise:
(a) theoretical knowledge instruction to UAS VLOS knowledge level; and
(b) visual flying training.
Theoretical knowledge instruction.
1 The theoretical knowledge instruction shall be conducted by an authorised instructor holding the appropriate type rating or any instructor having appropriate experience in aviation and knowledge of the UAS concerned, e.g. maintenance engineer, flight operations officer.
2 The theoretical knowledge instruction shall cover the syllabus, as appropriate to the UAS type concerned. Depending on the equipment and systems installed, the instruction shall include but is not limited to the following contents:
(a) UAS structure, transmissions, rotor4 and equipment, normal and abnormal operation of systems.
– Dimensions
– Engine, if applicable, including aux. power unit, rotors* and transmissions
– Fuel system
– Hydraulic system
– Landing gear
– Flight controls, stability augmentation and autopilot systems
– Electrical power supply
– Flight instruments, communication, radar and navigation equipment
– Control station or equivalent
– Emergency equipment
(b) Limitations
– General limitations, according to the UAS flight manual
– Minimum equipment list
(c) Performance, flight planning and monitoring
– Performance
– Flight planning
(d) Load and balance and servicing
– Load and balance
– Servicing on ground
(e) Emergency procedures
(f) Optional equipment
3 For proficiency checks UAS theoretical knowledge shall be verified by a multi-choice questionnaire or other suitable methods, as accepted by the Authority.
Syllabus of theoretical instruction for UAS types.
1 |
UAS structure, transmissions, rotors1 and equipment, normal and abnormal operation of systems. |
1.1 |
Dimensions |
1.2 |
Engine including aux. power unit, rotor1 and transmissions; if an initial type rating for a turbine engine UAS is applied for, the applicant shall have received turbine engine instruction |
1.2.1 |
type of engine/engines |
1.2.2 |
in general the function of the following systems or components: – engine – aux. power unit – oil system – fuel system – ignition system – starting system – fire warning and extinguishing system – generators and generator drives – power indication |
1.2.3 |
engine controls (including starter), engine instruments and indications, their function and interrelation and interpretation |
1.2.4 |
engine operation, including APU, during engine start and engine malfunctions, procedures for normal operation in the correct sequence |
1.2.5 |
transmission system: – lubrication – generators and generator drives – freewheeling units – hydraulic drives – indication and warning systems |
1.2.6 |
type of rotor1 systems - indication and warning systems |
1.3 |
Fuel system |
1.3.1 |
location of the fuel tanks, fuel pumps, fuel lines to the engines tank capacities, valves and measuring |
1.3.2 |
the following systems: – filtering – fuelling and de-fuelling heating – dumping – transferring – venting |
1.3.3 |
at the control station the monitors and indicators of the fuel system, quantity and flow indication, interpretation |
1.3.4 |
fuel procedures distribution into the various tanks fuel supply and fuel dumping |
1.5 |
Ice and rain protection, |
1.5.1 |
ice protected components of the UAS, including engines and rotor1 systems, heat sources, controls and indications |
1.5.2 |
operation of the anti-icing/de-icing system during T/O, climb, cruise and descent, conditions requiring the use of the protection systems |
1.6 |
Hydraulic system |
1.6.1 |
components of the hydraulic system(s), quantities and system pressure, hydraulically actuated components associated to the respective hydraulic system |
1.6.2 |
controls, monitors and indicators at the control station, function and interrelation and interpretation of indications |
1.7 |
Landing gear, skids fixed, floats |
1.7.1 |
main components of the – main landing gear – nose gear – tail gear – gear steering – wheel brake system |
1.7.2 |
gear retraction and extension |
1.7.3 |
controls and indicators including warning indicators in relation to the retraction/extension condition of the landing gear |
1.8 |
Flight controls, stab-and autopilot systems |
1.8.1 |
controls, monitors and indicators including warning indicators of the systems, interrelation and dependencies |
1.9 |
Electrical power supply |
1.9.1 |
Number, power, voltage, frequency and if applicable phase and location of the main power system (AC or DC) |
1.9.2 |
location of the controls, monitors and indicators. |
1.9.3 |
main and back-up power sources flight instruments, communication and navigation systems, main and back-up power sources |
1.9.4 |
location of vital circuit breakers |
1.9.5 |
generator operation and monitoring procedures of the electrical power supply |
1.10 |
Flight instruments, communication, radar and navigation equipment, auto-flight |
1.10.1 |
antennas eg. position and location |
1.10.2 |
controls and instruments of the following equipment: |
– flight instruments (e.g. airspeed indicator, pitot static system, compass system, flight director) – flight management systems – communication and navigation system (e.g., VHF, ) and area navigation systems (e.g. GPS,) – stabilisation and autopilot system – flight data recorder – test functions of the AFCS Auto Flight Control System |
|
1.10.3 |
Data Link |
– Data Link Frequencies – Limitations of related data link frequencies (obstacles/interference of other transmitters.) – Relevant data link protocols – Effect of EMC Electro-Magnetic- Compatibility and EMI Electro-Magnetic Interference |
|
1.10.4 |
Pilot Station |
– All installed equipment (how to use, limitations, functions etc.) – Verification of correct operation of all installed equipment – Software – Description of Software – Function – Flight modes |
|
1.12 |
Emergency equipment |
Operation and correct application of the following emergency equipment: – portable fire extinguisher – first aid kits |
|
2 |
LIMITATIONS |
2.1 |
General limitations, according to the UAS flight manual |
2.2 |
Minimum equipment list |
3 |
PERFORMANCE, FLIGHT PLANNING AND MONITORING |
3.1 |
Performance |
Performance calculation concerning speeds, gradients, masses in all conditions for take-off, en route, approach and landing |
|
3.1.1 |
Take off |
– hover performance in and out of ground effect – take off and rejected take off distance – climb performance |
|
3.1.2 |
En-route |
– max endurance – max range – cruise climb performance |
|
3.1.3 |
Landing |
– hovering in and out of ground effect – landing distance |
|
3.1.4 |
Knowledge and/or calculation of Vx, Vy, , Vne, Vmax range |
3.2 |
Flight planning |
Flight planning for normal and abnormal conditions – optimum/maximum flight level – minimum required flight altitude – drift down procedure after an engine failure during cruise flight – power setting of the engines during climb, cruise and holding under various circumstances as well as at the most economic cruising flight level – optimum and maximum flight level and power setting after an engine failure |
|
4 |
LOAD, BALANCE AND SERVICING |
4.1 |
Load and balance |
– load and trim sheet with respect to the maximum masses for take-off and landing – centre of gravity limits |
|
4.2 |
Payload |
Dimensions/weight limitations. |
|
Securing methods |
|
Control of related payload devices |
|
4.3 |
Servicing on the ground |
servicing connections for – fuel – oil – etc. |
|
Safety regulations for servicing |
|
5 |
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES |
– An applicant for a skill test shall have satisfactorily completed all of the required training, including instruction on the same type of UAS to be used in the test.
– An applicant shall pass sections 1 through 6 of the skill test. Failure in more than one section will require the applicant to take the entire test again. If any item in a section is failed, that section is failed. An applicant failing only one section shall take the failed section again. Failure in any items of the re-test and failure in any other items already passed, will require the applicant to take the entire test again. All sections of the skill test shall be completed within six months.
– Further training may be required following any failed skill test. Failure to achieve a pass in all sections of the test in two attempts shall require further training. There is no limit to the number of skill tests that may be attempted.
Conduct of the test
– The Registered Operator or TO will provide the Examiner with adequate safety advice to ensure that the test is conducted safely.
– Should the applicant choose to terminate a skill test for reasons considered inadequate by the Examiner, the applicant shall retake the entire skill test. If the test is terminated for reasons considered adequate by the Examiner, only those sections not completed shall be tested in a further flight.
– At the discretion of the Examiner, any manoeuvre or procedure of the test may be repeated once by the applicant. The Examiner may stop the test at any stage if it is considered that the applicant’s demonstration of flying skill requires a complete re-test.
– An applicant shall be required to fly the UAS from a position where the pilot-in-command functions can be performed and to carry out the test as if there is no other crewmember. Responsibility for the flight shall be allocated in accordance with national regulations.
– The area and route to be flown shall be chosen by the Examiner and all low level and hover work shall be at an approved aerodrome/site. The applicant shall be responsible for the flight planning and shall ensure that all equipment and documentation for the execution of the flight are available. The total duration of the flight(s) should be at least 60 minutes taking into account the performance of the UAS. The flight may contain multiple take off and landings.
– An applicant shall indicate to the Examiner the checks and duties carried out, including the identification of radio facilities. Checks shall be completed in accordance with the authorised checklist for the UAS on which the test is being taken.
Performance data shall be calculated by the applicant in compliance with the operations manual or flight manual for the system used.
– The Examiner shall take no part in the operation of the system except where intervention is necessary in the interests of safety or to avoid unacceptable delay to other traffic.
Flight test tolerances
– The applicant shall demonstrate the ability to:
a) operate the UAS within its limitations;
b) complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy;
c) exercise good judgement and airmanship;
d) apply aeronautical knowledge;
e) maintain control of the UAS at all times in such a manner that the successful outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is never in doubt;
f) understand and apply crew co-ordination and incapacitation procedures, if applicable; and
g) communicate effectively with the other crew members, if applicable.
– The Examiner shall make allowance for turbulent conditions and the handling qualities and performance of the UAS used.
– The Examiner shall use the standards as set in the Training Manual by the training organisation as a minimum standard for the applicant’s performance.
Content of the test
See Appendix 4.
Manoeuvres/Procedures |
Instructor’s initials when training completed. |
Examiner’s initials when test completed. |
|
---|---|---|---|
SECTION 1 PRE-FLIGHT OPERATIONS AND DEPARTURE |
|||
1.1 |
Pre-flight documentation and weather briefing. |
||
1.2 |
Flight plan and map reading. |
||
1.3 |
Take-off and landing site operations, conflict avoidance precautions and procedures preparation. |
||
1.4 |
Positioning the Pilot, Ground station related to UA operation and obstacles. |
||
1.5 |
Mass and balance and performance calculation. |
||
1.6 |
UAS, assemblage, inspection and servicing. |
||
1.7 |
Carry out pre-flight checks. |
||
SECTION 2 DEPARTURE & TAKE OFF MANOEUVRES AND PROCEDURES1 |
|||
2.1 |
Engine starting and after starting procedures |
||
2.2 |
Pre Take off procedures |
||
2.3 |
Take-off and after take-off checks |
||
2.4 |
Take off and hover tail in over the take off point, with the helicopter skids at eye level, for approximately fifteen seconds. (Rotary UAS only) |
||
2.5 |
Take off and complete a left (or right) hand circuit and overfly the take-off area. |
||
2.6 |
Normal and crosswind take-off. |
||
2.7 |
Maximum performance (short field and obstacle clearance) take-off and landings and recoveries if applicable. |
||
SECTION 3 GENERAL AIRWORK1 |
|||
3.1 |
Control of the aircraft by external visual reference, including Straight and level flight, climb and descent. |
||
3.2 |
Turns, descending and climbing turns. |
||
3.3 |
Fly a ‘figure of eight’ course with the crossover point in front of the pilot, height to be constant. (Rotary UAS only) |
||
3.4 |
Stall Recovery Procedures. (Fixed wing UAS only) |
||
SECTION 4 EN-ROUTE MANOEUVRES AND PROCEDURES1 |
|||
4.1 |
Flightplan and map reading. |
||
4.2 |
Flight management (checks; fuel and system). |
||
4.3 |
Flight and navigation data interpretation as displayed on the Control Computer. |
||
4.4 |
Flight path and inputs by the crew to alter the flight path. |
||
4.5 |
Stall Recovery Procedures. (Fixed wing UAS only) |
||
4.6 |
Arrival Procedures. |
||
SECTION 5 APPROACH CIRCUIT AND LANDING/RECOVERY MANOEUVRES AND PROCEDURES1 |
|||
5.1 |
Fly a rectangular circuit and approach with appropriate use of the throttle and perform a landing on the designated landing area. |
||
5.2 |
Fly a rectangular landing approach and overshoot from below 10ft. Note: this manoeuvre is an aborted landing, not a low pass. |
||
5.3 |
Perform an approach at 45 degree to the vertical, landing within a predetermined two-meter square. (Rotary UAS only) |
||
5.4 |
Normal and crosswind landings/recoveries |
||
5.5 |
Maximum performance, short field and obstacle clearance landings/recoveries. |
||
5.6 |
Post-flight inspection. |
||
5.7 |
Removal of model and equipment. |
||
SECTION 6 ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY MANOEUVRES AND PROCEDURES |
|||
6.1 |
Simulated Emergencies, including equipment failures. |
||
6.2 |
Crew intervention at any time during the flight to manage safe control of the UAS. |
||
6.3 |
Avoidance of other traffic. |
||
6.4 |
Recovery from unusual attitudes. |
||
6.5 |
Command and Control Loss data Link procedures. |
||
6.6 |
Simulated asymmetric flight. |
An applicant shall have received the relevant theoretical knowledge instruction on a RO or a TO according to the syllabus subjects and headline topics below.
X = required knowledge
G = global knowledge only
Manned Aircraft PPL Learning Objectives: |
Applicable VLOS Learning Objectives |
BLOS TBD |
---|---|---|
AIR LAW |
||
Legislation |
||
The Convention on International Civil Aviation |
X |
|
The International Civil Aviation Organization |
X |
|
Articles of the Convention |
||
Sovereignty |
X |
|
Territory |
||
Flight over territory of Contracting States |
X |
|
Landing at customs airports |
||
Applicability of air regulations |
||
Rules of the air |
X |
|
Entry and clearance regulations of Contracting States |
||
Search of aircraft |
X |
|
Facilitation of formalities |
||
Customs and immigration procedures |
||
Customs duty |
||
Documents to be carried in aircraft |
X |
|
Use of aircraft radio equipment |
X |
|
Certificate of airworthiness |
X |
|
Licences of personnel |
X |
|
Recognition of certificates and licences |
X |
|
Journey log books |
X |
|
Payload restrictions |
X |
|
Restrictions on use of photographic equipment |
X |
|
Adoption of international standards and procedures |
X |
|
Endorsement of certificates and licences |
X |
|
Validity of endorsed certificates and licences |
X |
|
Annexes to the Convention (‘ICAO Annexes’) |
X |
|
Annex 7 Aircraft nationality and registration marks |
||
definitions |
X |
|
aircraft registration marks |
X |
|
certificate of registration |
X |
|
identification plate |
X |
|
Annex 8 Airworthiness of aircraft |
||
definitions |
X |
|
certificate of airworthiness |
X |
|
continuing airworthiness |
X |
|
validity of certificate of airworthiness |
X |
|
instruments and equipment |
X |
|
aircraft limitations and information |
X |
|
Rules of the air |
||
Annex 2 Rules of the air |
||
definitions |
X |
|
applicability |
X |
|
general rules |
X |
|
visual flight rules |
X |
|
signals (Appendix 1) |
||
interception of civil aircraft (Appendix 2) |
||
Air traffic regulations and air traffic services |
||
Annex 11 Air traffic regulations and air traffic services |
||
definitions |
X |
|
objectives of air traffic services |
X |
|
classification of airspace |
X |
|
flight information regions, control areas and control zones |
X |
|
air traffic control services |
X |
|
flight information services |
X |
|
alerting service |
X |
|
visual meteorological conditions |
X |
|
instrument meteorological conditions |
X |
|
in-flight contingencies |
X |
|
Annex 14 Aerodrome data |
||
definitions |
X |
|
conditions of the movement area and related facilities |
X |
|
Visual aids for navigation |
||
indicators and signalling devices |
||
markings |
||
lights |
||
signs |
||
markers |
||
signal area |
||
Visual aids for denoting obstacles |
X |
|
marking of objects |
X |
|
lighting of objects |
X |
|
Visual aids for denoting restricted use of areas |
||
Emergency and other services |
X |
|
fire and rescue service |
X |
|
apron management service |
||
Aerodrome ground lights and surface marking colours |
||
colours for aeronautical ground lights |
||
colours for surface markings |
||
5 ICAO Document 4444 Rules of the air and air traffic services |
||
General provisions |
||
definitions |
||
ATS operating practices |
G |
|
flight plan clearance and information |
||
control of air traffic flow |
||
altimeter setting procedures |
||
wake turbulence information |
||
meteorological information |
G |
|
air reports (AIREP) |
||
Area control service |
G |
|
separation of controlled traffic in the various classes of airspace |
G |
|
pilots, responsibility to maintain separation in VMC |
G |
|
emergency and communications failure procedures by the pilot |
||
interception of civil aircraft |
||
Approach control service |
||
departing and arriving aircraft procedures in VMC |
G |
|
Aerodrome control service |
||
function of aerodrome control towers |
||
VFR operations |
||
traffic and circuit procedures |
G |
|
information to aircraft |
G |
|
control of aerodrome traffic |
||
Flight information and alerting service |
||
air traffic advisory service |
||
objectives and basic principles |
||
JARUS regulations |
||
6 JARUS Regulations |
||
UAS-FCL Subpart A General requirements |
X |
|
025 Validity of licences and ratings |
X |
|
035 Medical fitness |
X |
|
040 Decrease in medical fitness |
X |
|
050 Crediting of flight time |
X |
|
065 State of Licence issue |
X |
|
UAS-FCL Subpart B Student pilot |
X |
|
085 Requirements |
X |
|
090 Minimum Age |
X |
|
095 Medical fitness |
X |
|
UAS-FCL Subpart C VLOS licence |
||
100 Minimum Age |
||
105 Medical fitness |
||
110 Privileges and conditions |
||
115 Ratings for special purposes |
||
120 Experience and Crediting |
||
125 Training course |
||
130 Theoretical knowledge examination |
||
135 Skill test |
||
UAS-FCL Subpart D BLOS N/A |
||
UAS-FCL Subpart E N/A |
||
UAS-FCL Subpart F Type and Class Ratings |
X |
|
215 Division of Class Ratings |
X |
|
225 Circumstances in which type or class ratings are required |
X |
|
245 Validity, revalidation and renewal |
X |
|
UAS-FCL Subpart H Instructor ratings |
X |
|
300 Instruction general |
X |
|
UAS GENERAL KNOWLEDGE |
||
Airframe |
||
7 Airframe structure |
X |
|
ROTARY TBD |
||
components |
X |
|
fuselage, wings, tailplane, fin |
X |
|
primary flying controls |
X |
|
trim and flap/slat systems |
X |
|
landing gear |
||
nose wheel, including steering |
||
tyres, condition |
||
braking systems and precautions in use |
||
retraction systems |
||
8 Airframe loads |
X |
|
static strength |
X |
|
safety factor |
X |
|
control locks and use |
||
ground/flight precautions |
||
Powerplant/Turbine/Electrical |
||
9 Engines general |
X |
|
principles |
X |
|
basic construction |
X |
|
causes of pre-ignition and detonation |
||
power output as a function of RPM |
||
10 Engine cooling |
G |
|
air cooling |
||
cowling design and cylinder baffles |
||
design and use of cowl flaps |
||
cylinder head temperature gauge |
||
11 Engine lubrication |
G |
|
function and methods of lubrication |
||
lubrication systems |
||
methods of oil circulation |
||
oil pump and filter requirements |
||
qualities and grades of oil |
||
oil temperature and pressure control |
||
oil cooling methods |
||
recognition of oil system malfunctions |
||
12 Ignition systems |
G |
|
principles of magneto ignition |
||
construction and function |
||
purpose and principle of impulse coupling |
||
serviceability checks, recognition of malfunctions |
||
operational procedures to avoid spark plug fouling |
||
13 Carburation |
G |
|
principles of float type carburettor |
||
construction and function |
||
methods to maintain correct mixture ratio |
||
operation of metering jets and accelerator pump |
||
effect of altitude |
||
manual mixture control |
||
maintenance of correct mixture ratio |
||
limitation on use at high power |
||
avoidance of detonation |
||
idle cut-off valve |
||
operation and use of primary controls |
||
air induction system |
||
alternate induction systems |
||
carburettor icing, use of hot air |
||
injection systems, principles and operation |
||
14 Aero engine fuel |
||
classification of fuels |
||
grades and identification by colour |
||
quality requirements |
||
inspection for contamination |
||
use of fuel strainers and drains |
||
15 Fuel systems |
G |
|
fuel tanks and supply lines |
||
venting system |
||
mechanical and electrical pumps |
||
gravity feed |
||
tank selection |
||
system management |
||
16 Propellers |
G |
|
propeller nomenclature |
||
conversion of engine power to thrust |
||
design and construction of fixed pitch propeller |
||
forces acting on propeller blade |
||
variation of RPM with change of airspeed |
||
thrust efficiency with change of speed |
||
design and construction of variable pitch propeller |
||
constant speed unit operation |
||
effect of blade pitch changes |
||
windmilling effect |
||
17 Engine handling |
X |
|
starting procedures and precautions |
X |
|
recognition of malfunctions |
||
warming up, power and system checks |
||
oil temperature and pressure limitations |
||
cylinder head temperature limitations |
||
ignition and other system checks |
||
power limitations |
||
avoidance of rapid power changes |
||
use of mixture control |
||
Systems |
||
18 Electrical system |
G |
|
installation and operation of alternators/generators |
||
direct current supply |
||
batteries, capacity and charging |
||
voltmeters and ammeters |
||
circuit breakers and fuses |
||
electrically operated services and instruments |
||
recognition of malfunctions |
||
procedure in the event of malfunctions |
||
19 Vacuum system |
||
components |
||
pumps |
||
regulator and gauge |
||
filter system |
||
recognition of malfunction |
||
procedures in the event of malfunctions |
||
Instruments |
||
20 Pitot/static system |
G |
|
pitot tube, function |
||
pitot tube, principles and construction |
X |
|
static source |
||
alternate static source |
||
position error |
||
system drains |
||
heating element |
||
errors caused by blockage or leakage |
||
21 Airspeed indicator |
G |
|
principles of operation and construction |
X |
|
relationship between pitot and static pressure |
||
definitions of indicated, calibrated and true airspeed |
||
instrument errors |
||
airspeed indications, colour coding |
||
pilot’s serviceability checks |
||
22 Altimeter |
G |
|
principles of operation and construction |
X |
|
function of the sub-scale |
X |
|
effects of atmospheric density |
||
pressure altitude |
||
true altitude |
||
international standard atmosphere |
||
flight level |
||
presentation (three needle) |
||
instrument errors |
||
pilot’s service ability checks |
||
23 Vertical speed indicator |
||
principles of operation and construction |
||
function |
||
inherent lag |
||
instantaneous VSI |
||
presentation |
||
pilot’s serviceability checks |
||
24 Gyroscopes |
G |
|
principles |
x |
|
rigidity |
||
precession |
||
25 Turn indicator |
||
rate gyro |
||
purpose and function |
||
effect of speed |
||
presentation |
||
turn co-ordinator |
||
limited rate of turn indications |
||
power source |
||
balance indicator |
||
principle |
||
presentation |
||
pilot’s serviceability checks |
||
26 Attitude indicator |
G |
|
earth gyro |
||
purpose and function |
X |
|
presentations |
||
interpretation |
||
operating limitations |
||
power source |
||
pilot’s serviceability checks |
||
27 Heading indicator |
G |
|
directional gyro |
||
purpose and function |
X |
|
presentation |
||
use with magnetic compass |
||
setting mechanism |
||
apparent drift |
||
operating limitations |
||
power source |
||
pilot’s serviceability checks |
||
28 Magnetic compass |
G |
|
construction and function |
||
earth’s magnetic field |
||
variation and deviation |
||
turning, acceleration errors |
||
precautions when carrying magnetic items |
||
pilot’s service ability checks |
||
29 Engine instruments |
G |
|
principles, presentation and operational use of: |
X |
|
oil temperature gauge |
||
oil pressure gauge |
||
cylinder head temperature gauge |
||
exhaust gas meter |
||
manifold pressure gauge |
||
fuel pressure gauge |
||
fuel flow gauge |
||
fuel quantity gauge(s) |
||
tachometer |
||
30 Other instruments |
||
principles, presentation and operational use of: |
||
vacuum gauge |
||
voltmeter and ammeter |
||
warning indicators |
||
others relevant to UAS type |
||
Airworthiness |
||
31 Airworthiness |
||
certificate to be in force |
X |
|
compliance with requirements |
X |
|
periodic maintenance inspections |
X |
|
compliance with flight manual (or equivalent), instructions, limitations, placards |
X |
|
flight manual supplements |
X |
|
provision and maintenance of documents |
X |
|
aircraft, engine and propeller log books |
X |
|
recording of defects |
X |
|
permitted maintenance by pilots !! |
X |
|
FLIGHT PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING |
||
Mass and balance |
||
32 Mass and balance |
X |
|
limitations on maximum mass |
X |
|
forward and aft limitations of centre of gravity, normal and utility operation |
X |
|
mass and centre of gravity calculations UAS manual and balance sheet |
X |
|
Performance |
||
33 Take-off |
G |
|
take-off run and distance available |
||
take-off and initial climb |
||
effects of mass, wind and density altitude |
X |
|
effects of ground surface and gradient |
||
use of flaps |
||
34 Landing |
G |
|
effects of mass, wind, density altitude and approach speed |
X |
|
use of flaps |
||
ground surface and gradient |
||
35 In flight |
||
relationship between power required and power available |
||
performance diagram |
||
maximum rate and maximum angle of climb |
||
range and endurance |
X |
|
effects of configuration, mass, temperature and altitude |
||
reduction of performance during climbing turns |
||
gliding |
||
adverse effects |
||
icing, rain |
||
condition of the airframe |
||
effect of flap |
||
HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS |
||
Basic physiology |
||
36 Concepts |
||
composition of the atmosphere |
||
the gas laws |
||
respiration and blood circulation |
||
37 Effects of partial pressure |
||
effect of increasing altitude |
||
gas transfer |
||
hypoxia |
||
symptoms |
||
prevention |
||
cabin pressurisation |
||
effects of rapid decompression |
||
time of useful consciousness |
||
the use of oxygen masks and rapid descent |
||
hyperventilation |
||
symptoms |
||
avoidance |
||
effects of accelerations |
||
38 Vision |
X |
|
physiology of vision |
X |
|
limitations of the visual system |
X |
|
vision defects |
X |
|
optical illusions new tbd, from gound view |
X |
|
spatial disorientation |
X |
|
avoidance of disorientation |
X |
|
39 Hearing |
||
physiology of hearing |
||
inner ear sensations |
||
effects of altitude change |
||
noise and hearing loss |
||
protection of hearing |
X |
|
spatial disorientation |
X |
|
conflicts between ears and eyes |
||
prevention of disorientation |
X |
|
40 Motion sickness |
||
causes |
||
symptoms |
||
prevention |
||
41 Flying and health |
X |
|
medical requirements |
X |
|
effect of common ailments and cures |
X |
|
colds |
X |
|
stomach upsets |
X |
|
drugs, medicines, and side effects |
X |
|
alcohol |
X |
|
fatigue |
X |
|
personal fitness |
X |
|
scuba diving precautions before flying |
||
42 Toxic hazards |
||
dangerous goods |
||
carbon monoxide from heaters |
X |
|
Basic psychology |
||
43 The information process |
X |
|
concepts of sensation |
X |
|
cognitive perception |
X |
|
expectancy |
X |
|
anticipation |
X |
|
habits |
X |
|
44 The central decision channel |
X |
|
mental workload, limitations |
X |
|
information sources |
X |
|
stimuli and attention |
X |
|
verbal communication |
X |
|
memory and its limitations |
X |
|
causes of misinterpretation |
X |
|
45 Stress |
X |
|
causes and effects |
X |
|
concepts of arousal |
X |
|
effects on performance |
X |
|
identifying and reducing stress |
X |
|
46 Judgement and decision making |
X |
|
concepts of pilots’ judgement |
X |
|
psychological attitudes |
X |
|
behavioural aspects |
X |
|
risk assessment |
X |
|
development of situational awareness |
X |
|
METEOROLOGY |
||
47 The atmosphere |
||
composition and structure |
G |
|
vertical divisions |
||
48 Pressure, density and temperature |
||
barometric pressure, isobars |
||
changes of pressure, density and temperature with altitude |
||
altimetry terminology |
||
solar and terrestrial energy radiation, temperature |
||
diurnal variation of temperature |
||
adiabatic process |
||
temperature lapse rate |
||
stability and instability |
||
effects of radiation, advection subsidence and convergence |
||
49 Humidity and precipitation |
||
water vapour in the atmosphere |
||
vapour pressure |
||
dew point and relative humidity |
||
condensation and vaporisation |
||
precipitation |
||
50 Pressure and wind |
||
high and low pressure areas |
||
motion of the atmosphere, pressure gradient |
||
vertical and horizontal motion, convergence, divergence |
||
surface and geostrophic wind |
||
effect of wind gradient and windshear on take-off and landing |
X |
|
relationship between isobars and wind, Buys Ballot’s law |
||
turbulence and gustiness |
X |
|
local winds, föhn, land and sea breezes |
||
51 Cloud formation |
G |
|
cooling by advection, radiation and adiabatic expansion |
||
cloud types |
||
convection clouds |
||
orographic clouds |
||
stratiform and cumulus clouds |
||
flying conditions in each cloud type |
||
52 Fog, mist and haze |
G |
|
radiation, advection, frontal, freezing fog |
||
formation and dispersal |
||
reduction of visibility due to mist, snow, smoke, dust and sand |
||
assessment of probability of reduced visibility |
||
hazards in flight due to low visibility, horizontal and vertical |
||
53 Airmasses |
||
description of and factors affecting the properties of airmasses |
||
classification of airmasses, region of origin |
||
modification of airmasses during their movement |
||
development of low and high pressure systems |
||
weather associated with pressure systems |
||
54 Frontology |
||
formation of cold and warm fronts |
||
boundaries between airmasses |
||
development of a warm front |
||
associated clouds and weather |
||
weather in the warm sector |
||
development of a cold front |
||
associated clouds and weather |
||
occlusions |
||
associated clouds and weather |
||
stationary fronts |
||
associated clouds and weather |
||
55 Ice accretion |
||
conditions conducive to ice formation |
X |
|
effects of hoar frost, rime ice, clear ice |
X |
|
effects of icing on aircraft performance |
X |
|
precautions and avoidance of icing conditions |
X |
|
powerplant icing |
X |
|
precautions, prevention and clearance of induction and carburettor icing |
X |
|
56 Thunderstorms |
||
formation airmass, frontal, orographic |
||
conditions required |
||
development process |
||
recognition of favourable conditions for formation |
||
hazards for aircraft |
X |
|
effects of lightning and severe turbulence |
X |
|
avoidance of flight in the vicinity of thunderstorms |
X |
|
57 Flight over mountainous areas |
G |
|
hazards |
||
influence of terrain on atmospheric processes |
||
mountain waves, windshear, turbulence, vertical movement, rotor effects, valley winds |
||
58 Climatology |
||
general seasonal circulation in the troposphere over Europe |
||
local seasonal weather and winds |
||
59 Altimetry |
||
operational aspects of pressure settings |
||
pressure altitude, density altitude |
||
height, altitude, flight level |
||
ICAO standard atmosphere |
||
QNH, QFE, standard setting |
||
transition altitude, layer and level |
||
60 The meteorological organisation |
X |
|
aerodrome meteorological offices |
X |
|
aeronautical meteorological stations |
X |
|
forecasting service |
X |
|
meteorological services at aerodromes |
X |
|
availability of periodic weather forecasts |
X |
|
61 Weather analysis and forecasting |
||
weather charts, symbols, signs |
||
significant weather charts |
||
prognostic charts for general aviation |
||
62 Weather information for flight planning |
X |
|
reports and forecasts for departure, en-route, destination and alternate(s) |
X |
|
interpretation of coded information METAR, TAF, GAFOR |
X |
|
availability of ground reports for surface wind, windshear, visibility |
X |
|
63 Meteorological broadcasts for aviation |
||
VOLMET, ATIS, SIGMET |
||
NAVIGATION |
||
64 Form of the earth |
G |
|
axis, poles |
||
meridians of longitude |
||
parallels of latitude |
||
great circles, small circles, rhumb lines |
||
hemispheres, north/south, east/west |
||
65 Mapping |
||
aeronautical maps and charts (topographical) |
X |
|
projections and their properties |
||
conformality |
||
equivalence |
||
scale |
X |
|
great circles and rhumb lines |
||
66 Conformal orthomorphic projection (ICAO 500,000 chart) |
||
main properties |
||
construction |
||
convergence of meridians |
||
presentation of meridians, parallels, great circles and rhumb lines |
||
scale, standard parallels |
||
depiction of height |
||
67 Direction |
||
true north |
||
earth’s magnetic field, variation annual change |
||
magnetic north |
||
vertical and horizontal components |
||
isogonals, agonic lines |
||
68 UAS magnetism |
||
magnetic influences within the UAS |
||
compass deviation |
||
turning, acceleration errors |
||
avoiding magnetic interference with the compass |
||
69 Distances |
||
units |
||
measurement of distance in relation to map projection |
||
70 Charts in practical navigation |
X |
|
plotting positions |
X |
|
latitude and longitude |
X |
|
bearing and distance |
X |
|
use of navigation protractor |
X |
|
measurement of tracks and distances |
X |
|
71 Chart reference material/map reading |
X |
|
map analysis |
X |
|
topography |
X |
|
relief |
X |
|
cultural features |
X |
|
permanent features (e.g. line features, spot features, unique or special features) |
X |
|
features subject to change (e.g. water) |
X |
|
preparation |
X |
|
folding the map for use |
||
methods of map reading |
||
map orientation |
||
checkpoint features |
||
anticipation of checkpoints |
||
with continuous visual contact |
||
without continuous visual contact |
||
when uncertain of position |
||
aeronautical symbols |
X |
|
aeronautical information |
X |
|
conversion of units |
X |
|
72 Principles of navigation |
||
IAS, CAS and TAS |
||
track, true and magnetic |
||
wind velocity, heading and groundspeed |
||
triangle of velocities |
||
calculation of heading and groundspeed |
||
drift, wind correction angle |
||
ETA |
||
dead reckoning, position, fix |
||
73 The navigation computer |
||
use of the circular slide rule to determine |
||
TAS, time and distance |
||
conversion of units |
||
fuel required |
||
pressure, density and true altitude |
||
time en-route and ETA |
||
use of the computer to solve triangle of velocities |
||
application of TAS and wind velocity to track |
||
determination of heading and ground speed |
||
drift and wind correction angle |
||
74 Time |
||
relationship between universal coordinated (standard) (UTC) time and local mean time |
X |
|
(LMT) |
||
definition of sunrise and sunset times |
X |
|
75 Flight planning |
X |
|
selection of charts |
X |
|
route and aerodrome weather forecasts and reports |
X |
|
assessing the weather situation |
X |
|
plotting the route |
||
considerations of controlled/regulated airspace, airspace restrictions, danger areas, etc. |
X |
|
use of AIP and NOTAMS |
X |
|
ATC liaison procedures in controlled/regulated airspace |
||
fuel considerations |
X |
|
en-route safety altitude(s) |
||
alternate aerodromes |
||
communications and radio/navaid frequencies |
||
compilation of flight log |
X |
|
compilation of ATC flight plan |
||
selection of check points, time and distance marks |
||
mass and balance calculations |
X |
|
mass and performance calculations |
X |
|
76 Practical navigation |
||
compass headings, use of deviation card |
||
organisation of in-flight workload |
||
departure procedure, log entries, altimeter setting and establishing IAS |
||
maintenance of heading and altitude |
||
use of visual observations |
||
establishing position, checkpoints |
||
revisions to heading and ETA |
||
arrival procedures, ATC liaison |
||
completion of flight log and UAS log entries |
X |
|
Radio navigation |
||
77 Ground D/F |
||
application |
||
principles |
||
presentation and interpretation |
||
coverage |
||
errors and accuracy |
||
factors affecting range and accuracy |
||
78 ADF, including associated beacons (NDBs) and use of the RMI |
||
application |
||
principles |
||
presentation and interpretation |
||
coverage |
||
errors and accuracy |
||
factors affecting range and accuracy |
||
79 VOR/DME |
||
application |
||
principles |
||
presentation and interpretation |
||
coverage |
||
errors and accuracy |
||
factors affecting range and accuracy |
||
80 GPS |
X |
|
application |
X |
|
principles |
X |
|
presentation and interpretation |
X |
|
coverage |
X |
|
errors and accuracy |
X |
|
factors affecting reliability and accuracy |
X |
|
81 Ground radar |
||
application |
||
principles |
||
presentation and interpretation |
||
coverage |
||
errors and accuracy |
||
factors affecting reliability and accuracy |
||
82 Secondary surveillance radar |
||
principles (transponders) |
||
application |
||
presentation and interpretation |
||
modes and codes |
||
OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES |
||
83 ICAO Annex 6, Part II Operation of aircraft |
||
foreword |
||
definitions |
||
general statement |
||
flight preparation and in-flight procedures |
X |
|
performance and operating limitations |
X |
|
instruments and equipment |
||
communications and navigation equipment |
||
maintenance |
X |
|
flight crew |
X |
|
lights to be displayed |
||
84 ICAO Annex 12 Search and rescue |
||
definitions |
||
alerting phases |
||
procedures for pilot-in-command (para 5.8 and 5.9) |
X |
|
search and rescue signals (para 5.9 and Appendix A) |
||
85 ICAO Annex 13 Aircraft accident investigation |
||
definitions |
||
national procedures |
X |
|
86 Noise abatement |
||
general procedures |
||
application to take-off and landing |
||
87 Contravention of aviation regulations |
X |
|
offences |
X |
|
penalties |
X |
|
PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT |
||
88 The atmosphere |
||
composition and structure |
||
ICAO standard atmosphere |
||
atmospheric pressure |
||
89 Airflow around a body, sub-sonic |
||
air resistance and air density |
||
boundary layer |
||
friction forces |
||
laminar and turbulent flow |
||
Bernoulli’s principle venturi effect |
||
90 Airflow about a two dimensional aerofoil |
||
airflow around a flat plate |
||
airflow around a curved plate (aerofoil) |
||
description of aerofoil cross section |
||
lift and drag |
||
Cl and Cd and their relationship to angle of attack |
||
91 Three dimensional flow about an aerofoil |
||
aerofoil shapes and wing planforms |
||
induced drag |
||
downwash angle, vortex drag, ground effect |
||
aspect ratio |
||
parasite (profile) drag |
||
form, skin friction and interference drag |
||
lift/drag ratio |
||
92 Distribution of the four forces |
X |
|
balance and couples |
X |
|
lift and mass |
X |
|
thrust and drag |
X |
|
methods of achieving balance |
X |
|
93 Flying controls |
||
the three planes |
X |
|
pitching about the lateral axis |
X |
|
rolling about the longitudinal axis |
X |
|
yawing about the normal axis |
X |
|
effects of the elevators (stabilators), ailerons and rudder |
X |
|
control in pitch, roll and yaw |
X |
|
cross coupling, roll and yaw |
||
mass and aerodynamic balance of control surfaces |
||
94 Trimming controls |
||
basic trim tab, balance tab and anti-balance tab |
||
purpose and function |
X |
|
method of operation |
X |
|
95 Flaps and slats |
G |
|
simple, split, slotted and Fowler flaps |
||
purpose and function |
X |
|
operational use |
||
slats, leading edge |
||
purpose and function |
||
normal/automatic operation |
||
96 The stall |
G |
|
stalling angle of attack |
||
disruption of smooth airflow |
||
reduction of lift, increase of drag |
||
movement of centre of pressure |
||
symptoms of development |
X |
|
UAS characteristics at the stall |
||
factors affecting stall speed and UAS behaviour at the stall |
X |
|
stalling from level, climbing, descending and turning flight |
||
inherent and artificial stall warnings |
||
recovery from the stall |
X |
|
97 Avoidance of spins |
X |
|
wing tip stall |
||
the development of roll |
||
recognition at the incipient stage |
||
immediate and positive stall recovery |
||
98 Stability |
||
definitions of static and dynamic stability |
||
longitudinal stability |
||
centre of gravity effect on control in pitch |
||
lateral and directional stability |
||
interrelationship, lateral and directional stability |
||
99 Load factor and manoeuvres |
||
structural considerations |
||
manoeuvring and gust envelope |
||
limiting load factors, with and without flaps |
||
changes in load factor in turns and pull-ups |
||
manoeuvring speed limitations |
||
in-flight precautions |
||
100 Stress loads on the ground |
||
side loads on the landing gear |
||
landing |
||
Taxiing, precautions during turns |
||
COMMUNICATIONS |
- |
|
101 Radio telephony and communications |
- |
|
use of AIP and frequency selection |
||
microphone technique |
||
phonetic alphabet |
||
station/UAS callsigns/abbreviations |
||
transmission technique |
||
use of standard words and phrases |
||
listening out |
||
required ‘readback’ instructions |
||
102 Departure procedures |
||
radio checks |
||
taxi instructions |
||
holding on ground |
||
departure clearance |
||
103 En-route procedures |
||
frequency changing |
||
position, altitude/flight level reporting |
||
flight information service |
||
weather information |
||
weather reporting |
||
procedures to obtain bearings, headings, position |
||
procedural phraseology |
||
height/range coverage |
||
vertical situational awareness (avoidance of controlled flight into terrain). |
||
104 Arrival and traffic pattern procedures |
||
arrival clearance |
||
calls and ATC instructions during the: |
||
circuit |
||
approach and landing |
||
vacating runway |
||
105 Communications failure |
||
Action to be taken |
||
alternate frequency |
||
serviceability check, including microphone and headphones |
||
in-flight procedures according to type of airspace |
||
106 Distress and urgency procedures |
||
distress (Mayday), definition and when to use |
||
frequencies to use |
||
contents of Mayday message |
||
urgency (Pan), definition and when to use |
||
frequencies to use |
||
relay of messages |
||
maintenance of silence when distress/urgency calls heard |
||
cancellation of distress/urgency |
||
General flight safety |
||
107 Aircraft |
||
seat adjustment and security |
||
harnesses and seat belts |
||
emergency equipment and its use |
X |
|
fire extinguisher |
X |
|
engine/cabin fires |
X |
|
de-icing systems |
||
survival equipment, life jackets, life rafts |
||
carbon monoxide poisoning |
X |
|
refuelling precautions |
X |
|
flammable goods/pressurised containers |
||
108 Operational |
||
wake turbulence |
||
aquaplaning |
||
windshear, take-off, approach and landing |
||
clearance to cross or enter runway (avoidance of runway incursions) |
||
emergency exits |
||
evacuation from the UAS |
||
forced landings |
||
gear-up landing |
||
ditching |
||
ROTORSYSTEM |
||
Component of rotorsystem |
X |
|
Specific rotor adjustment criteria |
X |
|
TBD |
||
PAYLOAD |
X |
|
Securing of Payload |
X |
|
Payload connection to electric system |
X |
|
(1) Payload interface with command control station |
X |
|
DATA LINK |
||
Frequenties of DT |
X |
|
Property of DT frequenties |
X |
|
Relation transmitting power and range |
X |
|
Influence of obstable to transmitting range |
X |
|
DL capacity factors. |
X |
|
Influence of other transmitters (jamming stations) |
X |
|
Specific function and restrictions/limitations of Data protocols and error correction |
X |
|
Electro-Magnetic Compatibility and Interference |
X |
Kort gesteld verzoekt Ampyx Power B.V. niet alleen om het opnieuw instellen van het BVG Kraggenburg, maar ook om een ontheffing voor lichte onbemande luchtvaartuigen (hierna te noemen: UAS), Klasse 1, voor beroepsmatig uit te voeren testvluchten binnen dit BVG.
Het verzoek voor het opnieuw instellen van het BVG Kraggenburg is tevens opgevat als een verzoek tot ontheffing van het verbod om een vlucht uit te voeren met een luchtvaartuig:
• Zonder geldig bewijs van luchtwaardigheid en bewijs van inschrijving, en
• Zonder het hebben van een geldig bewijs van bevoegdheid voor de operators van de PowerPlane,
• R. Ruiterkamp-Beneder (geboren 18 september 1972 te Utrecht).
• S. Sierberling (geboren 8 mei 1983).
Door Ampyx Power B.V. is aangegeven dat de operators beschikken over vaardigheden om een model(zweef)vliegtuig te besturen.
Ingevolge artikel 1a, onderdeel c, van het Luchtverkeersreglement, zijn de titels 5.1 en 5.2 van de Wet luchtvaart en dit besluit (het Luchtverkeersreglement), met uitzondering van het tweede en derde lid en de artikelen 20 en 63, niet van toepassing op de volgende luchtvaartuigen:
(.../...)
licht onbemand luchtvaartuig, niet zijnde een modelluchtvaartuig (< 25 kg) of onbemande vrije ballon, zijnde een luchtvaartuig waarvan de totale startmassa niet meer dan 150 kilogram bedraagt en de maximale snelheid lager is dan 129,64 km/u (70 knopen);
Ingevolge artikel 2.1, eerste lid, van de Wet luchtvaart is het verboden een luchtvaartuig te bedienen zonder het daarvoor geldige bewijs van bevoegdheid of geldige bewijs van gelijkstelling.
Ingevolge artikel 2.1, vierde lid, van de Wet luchtvaart kan de Minister van Verkeer en Waterstaat ontheffing verlenen van het bepaalde bij of krachtens dit artikel. (.../...)
Aan de ontheffing kunnen voorschriften of beperkingen worden verbonden.
Ingevolge artikel 5.3 van de Wet luchtvaart is het verboden op zodanige wijze aan het luchtverkeer deel te nemen dan wel luchtverkeersleiding te geven dat daardoor personen of zaken in gevaar worden of kunnen worden gebracht.
Het onbemande zweefvliegtuig PowerPlane Experimental is een licht onbemand luchtvaartuig, als bedoeld in artikel 1a, eerste lid, onder c, van het Luchtverkeersreglement.
Ingevolge artikel 20, tweede lid, onder e, van het Luchtverkeersreglement verlenen luchtvaartuigen, bedoeld in artikel 1a, (.../...) voorrang aan vliegtuigen, helikopters, vrije ballonnen, (zweeftoestellen) en luchtschepen.
Uit artikel 35, derde lid, van de Regeling veilig gebruik luchthavens en andere terreinen volgt:
(.../...)
De houder van de ontheffing (van de Provincie) meldt ten minste 24 uur voor de dag dat het terrein zal worden gebruikt dit voornemen schriftelijk of per e-mail aan de minister en de burgemeester van de gemeente waarin het betreffende terrein ligt.
Volgens artikel 3.8 Wet luchtvaart is het verboden een vlucht uit te voeren met een luchtvaartuig dat niet luchtwaardig is of niet is voorzien van een geldig bewijs van luchtwaardigheid.
Artikel 3.21 van de Wet luchtvaart geeft de minister de mogelijkheid om op aanvraag van de houder (van een luchtvaartuig) ontheffing verlenen van de bij of krachtens paragraaf 3.2.1 gestelde regels, wanneer door bijzondere omstandigheden die regels in redelijkheid geen toepassing kunnen vinden en de veiligheid van het luchtverkeer met het verlenen van de ontheffing niet in gevaar wordt gebracht. Aan de ontheffing kunnen voorschriften of beperkingen worden verbonden. Een dergelijke ontheffing wordt ingetrokken wanneer de redenen waarom de ontheffing is verleend zijn komen te vervallen, of de houder van de ontheffing de daaraan verbonden voorschriften of beperkingen niet naleeft.
Het innovatieve karakter van de vluchtuitvoering van Ampyx PowerPlane en het ontbreken van specifieke voorschriften in de huidige wet- en regelgeving voor UAS aangaande bewijzen van bevoegdheid en luchtwaardigheid, vluchtuitvoering en gebruik van het luchtruim, maken dat de Inspectie Verkeer en Waterstaat (hierna te noemen: de inspectie) van oordeel is dat maatwerk noodzakelijk is om testvluchten met de PowerPlane Experimental mogelijk te maken.
Op 2 mei 2011 is de beoordeling van uw risicoanalyse afgerond door de inspectie.
De inspectie beoordeelt, op basis van het bovenstaande, de risicoanalyse als voldoende om testvluchten met de PowerPlane Experimental te kunnen uitvoeren op een dusdanige wijze dat het luchtverkeer niet in gevaar wordt gebracht.
Kopieer de link naar uw clipboard
https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stcrt-2011-20938.html
De hier aangeboden pdf-bestanden van het Staatsblad, Staatscourant, Tractatenblad, provinciaal blad, gemeenteblad, waterschapsblad en blad gemeenschappelijke regeling vormen de formele bekendmakingen in de zin van de Bekendmakingswet en de Rijkswet goedkeuring en bekendmaking verdragen voor zover ze na 1 juli 2009 zijn uitgegeven. Voor pdf-publicaties van vóór deze datum geldt dat alleen de in papieren vorm uitgegeven bladen formele status hebben; de hier aangeboden elektronische versies daarvan worden bij wijze van service aangeboden.