Tractatenblad 2007, 129

A. TITEL

Overeenkomst tussen de Europese Unie en de Verenigde Staten van Amerika inzake de verwerking en overdracht van persoonsgegevens van passagiers (PNR-gegevens) door luchtvaartmaatschappijen aan het Ministerie van Binnenlandse Veiligheid van de Verenigde Staten van Amerika (PNR-Overeenkomst 2007); (met briefwisseling en verklaring)

Washington, 26 juli 2007

B. TEKST

Agreement between the European Union and the United States of America on the processing and transfer of passenger name record (PNR) data by air carriers to the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

(2007 PNR Agreement)

The European Union and the United States of America:

Desiring to prevent and combat terrorism and transnational crime effectively as a means of protecting their respective democratic societies and common values;

Recognising that information sharing is an essential component in the fight against terrorism and transnational crime and that in this context the use of PNR data is an important tool,

Recognising that, in order to safeguard public security and for law enforcement purposes, rules should be laid down on the transfer of PNR data by air carriers to DHS;

Recognising the importance of preventing and combating terrorism and related crimes, and other serious crimes that are transnational in nature, including organised crime, while respecting fundamental rights and freedoms, notably privacy;

Recognising that U.S. and European privacy law and policy share a common basis and that any differences in the implementation of these principles should not present an obstacle to cooperation between the U.S. and the European Union (EU);

Having regard to international conventions, U.S. statutes, and regulations requiring each air carrier operating passenger flights in foreign air transportation to or from the United States to make PNR data available to DHS to the extent they are collected and contained in the air carrier’s automated reservation/departure control systems (hereinafter “reservation systems”), and comparable requirements implemented in the EU;

Having regard to Article 6 paragraph 2 of the Treaty on European Union on respect for fundamental rights, and in particular to the related right to the protection of personal data;

Noting the former agreements regarding PNR between the European Community and the United States of America of 28 May 2004 and between the European Union and the United States of America of 19 October 2006;

Having regard to relevant provisions of the Aviation Transportation Security Act of 2001, the Homeland Security Act of 2002, the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 and Executive Order 13388 regarding cooperation between agencies of the United States government in combating terrorism, as well as the Privacy Act of 1974, Freedom of Information Act and the E-Government Act of 2002;

Noting that the European Union should ensure that air carriers with reservation systems located within the European Union make available PNR data to DHS and comply with the technical requirements for such transfers as detailed by DHS;

Affirming that this Agreement does not constitute a precedent for any future discussions or negotiations between the United States and the European Union, or between either of the Parties and any State regarding the processing and transfer of PNR or any other form of data;

Seeking to enhance and encourage cooperation between the parties in the spirit of transatlantic partnership;

Have agreed as follows:

1. On the basis of the assurances in DHS’s letter explaining its safeguarding of PNR (the DHS letter), the European Union will ensure that air carriers operating passenger flights in foreign air transportation to or from, the United States of America will make available PNR data contained in their reservation systems as required by DHS.

2. DHS will immediately transition to a push system for the transmission of data by such air carriers no later than January 1, 2008 for all such air carriers that have implemented such a system that complies with DHS’s technical requirements. For those air carriers that do not implement such a system, the current systems shall remain in effect until the carriers have implemented a system that complies with DHS’s technical requirements. Accordingly, DHS will electronically access the PNR from air carriers’ reservation systems located within the territory of the Member States of the European Union until there is a satisfactory system in place allowing for the transmission of such data by the air carriers.

3. DHS shall process PNR data received and treat data subjects concerned by such processing in accordance with applicable U.S. laws, constitutional requirements, and without unlawful discrimination, in particular on the basis of nationality and country of residence. DHS’s letter sets forth these and other safeguards.

4. DHS and the EU, will periodically review the implementation of this Agreement, the DHS letter, and U.S. and EU PNR policies and practices with a view to mutually assuring the effective operation and privacy protection of their systems.

5. By this Agreement, DHS expects that it is not being asked to undertake data protection measures in its PNR system that are more stringent than those applied by European authorities for their domestic PNR systems. DHS does not ask European authorities to adopt data protection measures in their PNR systems that are more stringent than those applied by the U.S. for its PNR system. If its expectation is not met, DHS reserves the right to suspend relevant provisions of the DHS letter while conducting consultations with the EU with a view to reaching a prompt and satisfactory resolution. In the event that a PNR system is implemented in the European Union or in one or more of its Member States that requires air carriers to make available to authorities PNR data for persons whose travel itinerary includes a flight to or from the European Union, DHS shall, strictly on the basis of reciprocity, actively promote the cooperation of the airlines within its jurisdiction.

6. For the application of this Agreement, DHS is deemed to ensure an adequate level of protection for PNR data transferred from the European Union. Concomitantly, the EU will not interfere with relationships between the United States and third countries for the exchange of passenger information on data protection grounds.

7. The U.S. and the EU will work with interested parties in the aviation industry to promote greater visibility for notices describing PNR systems (including redress and collection practices) to the travelling public and will encourage airlines to reference and incorporate these notices in the official contract of carriage.

8. The exclusive remedy if the EU determines that the U.S. has breached this Agreement is the termination of this Agreement and the revocation of the adequacy determination referenced in paragraph 6. The exclusive remedy if the U.S. determines that the EU has breached this agreement is the termination of this Agreement and the revocation of the DHS letter.

9. This Agreement will enter into force on the first day of the month after the date on which the Parties have exchanged notifications indicating that they have completed their internal procedures for this purpose. This Agreement will apply provisionally as of the date of signature. Either Party may terminate or suspend this Agreement at any time by notification through diplomatic channels. Termination will take effect thirty (30) days from the date of notification thereof to the other Party unless either Party deems a shorter notice period essential for its national security or homeland security interests. This Agreement and any obligations there under will expire and cease to have effect seven years after the date of signature unless the parties mutually agree to replace it.

This Agreement is not intended to derogate from or amend the laws of the United States of America or the European Union or its Member States. This Agreement does not create or confer any right or benefit on any other person or entity, private or public.

This Agreement shall be drawn up in duplicate in the English Language. It shall also be drawn up in the Bulgarian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish and Swedish languages, and the Parties shall approve these language versions. Once approved, the versions in these languages shall be equally authentic.

DONE at Brussels on 23 July 2007 and at Washington on 26 July 2007.

For the European Union

L. AMADO

For the United States of America

M. CHERTOFF

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Tegelijk met het ondertekenen van de Overeenkomst werden op 23 en 26 juli 2007, ter verduidelijking van de wijze waarop het Ministerie van Binnenlandse Veiligheid (DHS) van de Verenigde Staten PNR-gegevens zal hanteren, brieven gewisseld, waarvan de tekst als volgt luidt:

Nr. I

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

Washington D.C., July 26, 2007

Dear President of the Council of the European Union,

In response to the inquiry of the European Union and to reiterate the importance that the United States government places on the protection of individual privacy, this letter is intended to explain how the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) handles the collection, use and storage of Passenger Name Records (PNR). None of the policies articulated herein create or confer any right or benefit on any person or party, private or public, nor any remedy other than that specified in the Agreement between the EU and the U.S. on the processing and transfer of PNR by air carriers to DHS signed in July 2007 (the ‘‘Agreement’’). Instead, this letter provides the assurances and reflects the policies which DHS applies to PNR data derived from flights between the U.S. and European Union (EU PNR) under U.S. law.

I. Purpose for which PNR is used: DHS uses EU PNR strictly for the purpose of preventing and combating: (1) terrorism and related crimes; (2) other serious crimes, including organized crime, that are transnational in nature; and (3) flight from warrants or custody for crimes described above. PNR may be used where necessary for the protection of the vital interests of the data subject or other persons, or in any criminal judicial proceedings, or as otherwise required by law. DHS will advise the EU regarding the passage of any U.S. legislation which materially affects the statements made in this letter.

II. Sharing of PNR:

DHS shares EU PNR data only for the purposes named in article I.

DHS treats EU PNR data as sensitive and confidential in accordance with U.S. laws and, at its discretion, provides PNR data only to other domestic government authorities with law enforcement, public security, or counterterrorism functions, in support of counterterrorism, transnational crime and public security related cases (including threats, flights, individuals and routes of concern) they are examining or investigating,according to law, and pursuant to written understandings and U.S. law on the exchange of information between U.S. government authorities. Access shall be strictly and carefully limited to the cases described above in proportion to the nature of the case.

EU PNR data is only exchanged with other government authorities in third countries after consideration of the recipient’s intended use(s) and ability to protect the information. Apart from emergency circumstances, any such exchange of data occurs pursuant to express understandings between the parties that incorporate data privacy protections comparable to those applied to EU PNR by DHS, as described in the second paragraph of this article.

III. Types of Information Collected:

Most data elements contained in PNR data can be obtained by DHS upon examining an individual’s airline ticket and other travel documents pursuant to its normal border control authority, but the ability to receive this data electronically significantly enhances DHS’s ability to focus its resources on high risk concerns, thereby facilitating and safeguarding bona fide travel.

Types of EU PNR Collected:

1. PNR record locator code,

2. Date of reservation/ issue of ticket

3. Date(s) of intended travel

4. Name(s)

5 Available frequent flier and benefit information (i.e., free tickets, upgrades, etc)

6. Other names on PNR, including number of travelers on PNR

7. All available contact information (including originator information)

8. All available payment/billing information (not including other transaction details linked to a credit card or account and not connected to the travel transaction)

9. Travel itinerary for specific PNR

10. Travel agency/travel agent

11. Code share information

12. Split/divided information

13. Travel status of passenger (including confirmations and check-in status)

14. Ticketing information, including ticket number, one way tickets and Automated Ticket Fare Quote

15. All Baggage information

16. Seat information, including seat number

17. General remarks including OSI, SSI and SSR information

18. Any collected APIS information

19. All historical changes to the PNR listed in numbers 1 to 18

To the extent that sensitive EU PNR data (i.e. personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, trade union membership, and data concerning the health or sex life of the individual), as specified by the PNR codes and terms which DHS has identified in consultation with the European Commission, are included in the above types of EU PNR data, DHS employs an automated system which filters those sensitive PNR codes and terms and does not use this information. Unless the data is accessed for an exceptional case, as described in the next paragraph, DHS promptly deletes the sensitive EU PNR data.

If necessary in an exceptional case where the life of a data subject or of others could be imperilled or seriously impaired. DHS officials may require and use information in EU PNR other than those listed above, including sensitive data. In that event, DHS will maintain a log of access to any sensitive data in EU PNR and will delete the data within 30 days once the purpose for which it has been accessed is accomplished and its retention is not required by law. DHS will provide notice normally within 48 hours to the European Commission (DG JLS) that such data, including sensitive data, has been accessed.

IV. Access and Redress: DHS has made a policy decision to extend administrative Privacy Act protections to PNR data stored in the ATS regardless of the nationality or country of residence of the data subject, including data that relates to European citizens. Consistent with U.S. law, DHS also maintains a system accessible by individuals, regardless of their nationality or country of residence, for providing redress to persons seeking information about or correction of PNR. These policies are accessible on the DHS website, www.dhs.gov.

Furthermore, PNR furnished by or on behalf of an individual shall be disclosed to the individual in accordance with the U. S. Privacy Act and the U. S. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). FOIA permits any person (regardless of nationality or country of residence) access to a U.S. federal agency’s records, except to the extent such records (or a portion thereof) are protected from disclosure by an applicable exemption under the FOIA. DHS does not disclose PNR data to the public, except to the data subjects or their agents in accordance with U.S. law. Requests for access to personally identifiable information contained in PNR that was provided by the requestor may be submitted to the FOIA/PA Unit, Office of Field Operations, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Room 5.5-C, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20229 (phone: (202) 344-1850 and fax: (202) 344-2791).

In certain exceptional circumstances, DHS may exercise its authority under FOIA to deny or postpone disclosure of all or part of the PNR record to a first part requester, pursuant to Title 5, United States Code, Section 552(b). Under FOIA any requester has the authority to administratively and judicially challenge DHS’s decision to withhold information.

V. Enforcement: Administrative, civil, and criminal enforcement measures are available under U.S. law for violations of U.S. privacy rules and unauthorized disclosure of U.S. records. Relevant provisions include but are not limited to Title 18, United States Code, Sections 641 and 1030 and Title 19, Code of Federal Regulations, Section 103.34.

VI. Notice: DHS has provided information to the travelling public about its processing of PNR data through publications in the Federal Register and on its website. DHS further will provide to airlines a form of notice concerning PNR collection and redress practices to be available for public display. DHS and the EU will work with interested parties in the aviation industry to promote greater visibility of this notice.

VII. Data retention: DHS retains EU PNR data in an active analytical database for seven years, after which time the data will be moved to dormant, non-operational status. Data in dormant status will be retained for eight years and may be accessed only with approval of a senior DHS official designated by the Secretary of Homeland Security and only in response to an identifiable case, threat, or risk. We expect that EU PNR data shall be deleted at the end of this period; questions of whether and when to destroy PNR data collected in accordance with this letter will be addressed by DHS and the EU as part of future discussions. Data that is related to a specific case or investigation may be retained in an active database until the case or investigation is archived. It is DHS’ intention to review the effect of these retention rules on operations and investigations based on its experience over the next seven years. DHS will discuss the results of this review with the EU.

The above mentioned retention periods also apply to EU PNR data collected on the basis of the Agreements between the EU and the US, of May 28, 2004 and October 19, 2006.

VIII. Transmission: Given our recent negotiations, you understand that DHS is prepared to move as expeditiously as possible to a ‘‘push’’ system of transmitting PNR from airlines operating flights between the EU and the U.S. to DHS. Thirteen airlines have already adopted this approach. The responsibility for initiating a transition to ‘‘push’’ rests with the carriers, who must make resources available to migrate their systems and work with DHS to comply with DHS’s technical requirements. DHS will immediately transition to such a system for the transmission of data by such air carriers no later than January 1, 2008 for all such air carriers that have implemented a system that complies with all DHS technical requirements. For those air carriers that do not implement such a system the current system shall remain in effect until the air carriers have implemented a system that is compatible with DHS technical requirements for the transmission of PNR data. The transition to a ‘‘push’’ system, however, does not confer on airlines any discretion to decide when, how or what data to push. That decision is conferred on DHS by U.S. law.

Under normal circumstances DHS will receive an initial transmission of PNR data 72 hours before a scheduled departure and afterwards will receive updates as necessary to ensure data accuracy. Ensuring that decisions are made based on timely and complete data is among the most essential safeguards for personal data protection and DHS works with individual carriers to build this concept into their push systems. DHS may require PNR prior to 72 hours before the scheduled departure of the flight, when there is an indication that early access is necessary to assist in responding to a specific threat to a flight, set of flights, route, or other circumstances associated with the purposes defined in article I. In exercising this discretion, DHS will act judiciously and with proportionality.

IX. Reciprocity: During our recent negotiations we agreed that DHS expects that it is not being asked to undertake data protection measures in its PNR system that are more stringent than those applied by European authorities for their domestic PNR systems. DHS does not ask European authorities to adopt data protection measures in their PNR systems that are more stringent than those applied by the U.S. for its PNR system. If its expectation is not met, DHS reserves the right to suspend relevant provisions of the DHS letter while conducting consultations with the EU with a view to reaching a prompt and satisfactory resolution. In the event that an airline passenger information system is implemented in the European Union or in one or more of its Member States that requires air carriers to make available to authorities PNR data for persons whose travel itinerary includes a flight between the U.S. and the European Union, DHS intends, strictly on the basis of reciprocity, to actively promote the cooperation of the airlines within its jurisdiction.

In order to foster police and judicial cooperation, DHS will encourage the transfer of analytical information flowing from PNR data by competent US authorities to police and judicial authorities of the Member States concerned and, where appropriate, to Europol and Eurojust. DHS expects that the EU and its Member States will likewise encourage their competent authorities to provide analytical information flowing from PNR data to DHS and other US authorities concerned.

X. Review: DHS and the EU will periodically review the implementation of the agreement, this letter, U.S. and EU PNR policies and practices and any instances in which sensitive data was accessed, for the purpose of contributing to the effective operation and privacy protection of our practices for processing PNR. In the review, the EU will be represented by the Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security, and DHS will be represented by the Secretary of Homeland Security, or by such mutually acceptable official as each may agree to designate. The EU and DHS will mutually determine the detailed modalities of the reviews.

The U.S. will reciprocally seek information about Member State PNR systems as part of this periodic review, and representatives of Member States maintaining PNR systems will be invited to participate in the discussions.

We trust that this explanation has been helpful to you in understanding how we handle EU PNR data.

Sincerely,

MICHAEL CHERTOFF

Secretary of Homeland Security

Mr . Luis Amado

President of the Council of the European Union

175 Rue de la Loi

1048 Brussels Belgium

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Nr. II

COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

The Presidency

Brussels, 23 July 2007

Dear Secretary,

Thank you very much for your letter to the Council Presidency and the Commission explaining how DHS handles PNR data.

The assurances explained in your letter provided to the European Union allow the European Union to deem, for the purposes of the international agreement signed between the United States and European Union on the processing and transfer PNR in July 2007 that DHS ensures an adequate level of data protection.

Based on this finding, the EU will take all necessary steps to discourage international organizations or third countries from interfering with any transfers of EU PNR to the United States. The EU and its Member States will also encourage their competent authorities to provide analytical information flowing from PNR data to DHS and other US authorities concerned.

We look forward to working with you and the aviation industry to ensure that passengers are informed about how governments may use their information

Yours sincerely,

LUIS AMADO

President of the Council

Secretary Michael Chertoff

U.S. Department for Homeland Security

Washington DC 20528

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Tevens heeft de Europese Unie, in verband met de voorlopige toepassing van de op 26 juli 2007 gesloten Overeenkomst, een verklaring afgelegd, waarvan de tekst als volgt luidt:

This Agreement, while not derogating from or amending legislation of the EU or its Member States, will, pending its entry into force, be implemented provisionally by Member States in good faith, in the framework of their existing national laws.

D. PARLEMENT

De Overeenkomst behoeft ingevolge artikel 91 van de Grondwet de goedkeuring van de Staten-Generaal, alvorens het Koninkrijk aan de Overeenkomst kan worden gebonden, voor zover de Overeenkomst kan worden aangemerkt als een verdrag in de zin van artikel 38 juncto 24 van het Verdrag betreffende de Europese Unie.

Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden heeft op grond van artikel 24, vijfde lid, van het Verdrag betreffende de Europese Unie tijdens de Raadsvergadering van 20 juli 2007 aangegeven dat de grondwettelijke procedures doorlopen moeten zijn, alvorens het Koninkrijk aan deze Overeenkomst gebonden kan zijn.

F. VOORLOPIGE TOEPASSING

De Overeenkomst wordt ingevolge haar punt 9 vanaf 26 juli 2007 voorlopig toegepast.

Wat het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden betreft, geldt de voorlopige toepassing alleen voor Nederland.

G. INWERKINGTREDING

De bepalingen van de Overeenkomst zullen ingevolge haar punt 9 in werking treden op de eerste dag van de maand volgend op de datum waarop de laatste partij kennis geeft dat aan de interne procedures is voldaan.

De bepalingen van de Overeenkomst zullen ingevolge hetzelfde punt niet later dan 26 juli 2014 buiten werking treden, tenzij partijen met wederzijdse instemming besluiten haar te vervangen.

J. VERWIJZINGEN

Verbanden

De Overeenkomst dient ter vervanging van:

Titel	:	Overeenkomst tussen de Europese Unie en de Verenigde Staten van Amerika inzake de verwerking en overdracht van persoonsgegevens van passagiers (PNR-gegevens) door luchtvaartmaatschappijen aan het Ministerie van Binnenlandse Veiligheid van de Verenigde Staten van Amerika; Washington 19 oktober 2006
Tekst	:	Trb. 2006, 221 (Engels)
Overige Verwijzingen
Titel	:	Verdrag van Nice houdende wijziging van het Verdrag betreffende de Europese Unie, de Verdragen tot oprichting van de Europese Gemeenschappen en sommige bijbehorende akten; Nice, 26 februari 2006
Laatste Trb.	:	Trb. 2007, 115

In overeenstemming met artikel 19, tweede lid, van de Rijkswet goedkeuring en bekendmaking verdragen heeft de Minister van Buitenlandse Zaken bepaald dat zal zijn bekendgemaakt in Nederland op de dag na de datum van uitgifte van dit Tractatenblad.

Uitgegeven de achtste augustus 2007

De Minister van Buitenlandse Zaken,

M. J. M. VERHAGEN